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Introduction to SAP R/3 and ABAP/4

Presentation Overview

Objectives
To introduce audience to ERP To make audience aware of enterprise architecture To introduce audience to SAP R/3 application and modules To make audience aware of the concepts and architecture of R/3 Give a brief introduction of some basic concepts of SAP R/3

Pre-Requisites
Knowledge of open systems, client-server and 3 tier architecture Brief idea of enterprise structure would be an advantage

Presentation Overview
Contents
Enterprise Architecture History of SAP SAP Modules SAPs Market Share Overview of client server concepts SAP R/3 System Architecture Application Server Architecture Overview of Presentation & Database Servers SAP R/3 Conceptual Areas Platforms and Databases supported by R/3 SAP R/3 Transaction Model Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts Introduction to ABAP/4 Introduction to Open SQL

Demo
Presentation layer Login and sessions Transaction model

Enterprise Architecture
Why Enterprise Architecture ?
Numerous disparate information systems, developed individually over time Integrating the data becomes costly - time, money, resources Inconsistencies and duplication of data Lack of timely information An integrated system was the need of the hour

Vendors

Sales

Purchasing

Customers

A/R

General Ledger

A/P

Production Planning
Inventory Shop Floor execution

Enterprise Architecture (Contd2)

What is Enterprise Architecture ?
An approach to constructing integrated systems Faster access to consistent information about business, markets and customers Central enterprise definitions Centrally controlled business change
Payroll HR Treasury GL Shop Floor Sales AR AP

FA Marketing

Partner Systems
PP

Purchasing

Mfg.

Plants

Enterprise Architecture (Contd3)

Benefits of Enterprise Architecture ?
Eliminates the duplication, discontinuity and redundancy in data Increases the return on investment made on IT implementations Delivers quality information designed for the Enterprise as a whole Faster and cheaper Delivers quality information to produce a quality enterprise

ERP

History of SAP
Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing
German : Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung

Founded in 1972 by Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tschira

Renamed in 1977 Before 1977 : Systems Analysis and Program Development (German : Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung)

SAP is both the name of both the Company and their ERP Product SAP system comprises of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of the business management

Three systems developed : R/1, R/2, R/3

SAP Modules
SAP R/3

Financial Modules
Financial Accounting (FI), Controlling (CO), Investment Management (IM) Treasury (TR), Enterprise Control (EC)

Logistics Modules
Materials Management (MM), Sales and Distribution (SD), Production Planning and Control (PP), Product Data Management (PDM), Quality Management (QM), Plant Maintenance (PM), Service Management (SM), Project System (PS)

Human Resource Management Modules

Personnel Management, Organizational Management, Payroll Accounting, Time Management, Personnel Development

Cross Application Modules

Workflow (WF), Business Information Warehouse (BIW), SAP Office

SAP Modules (Contd2)

SD Sales and Distribution MM Materials Management PP Production Planning

FI Financial Accounting

SD
MM PP

FI CO
AM

CO Controlling AM Asset Management

SAP R/3
QM
QM Quality Management PM Plant Maintenance WM Warehouse Management

HR PM WM PS WF
HR Human Resources WF Workflow

PS Project System

SAP Modules (Contd3)

SD
Sales & Distribution

FI
Financial Accounting

MM
Materials Management

CO
Controlling

PP
Production Planning

AM
Fixed Assets Management

QM
Quality Management

SAP R/3
PM

HR
Human Resources

WF
Workflow

Plant Maintenance

WM
Warehouse Management

PS
Project System

SAP Modules (Contd4)

Industry Specific Solutions (ISS)
Aerospace & Defense, Automotive, Banking, Chemicals, Consumer Products Industry, Engineering & Construction, Healthcare, High Tech & Electronics, Insurance, Oil & Gas Industry, Pharmaceuticals, Public Sector, Retail, Telecommunications, Utilities System modifier Industry specific R/3 Package

Because every business has unique business logics and processes

SAPs Market Share

Overview of client server concepts

SAP R/3 System Architecture

SAP R/3 is usually configured on a three-tier architecture
Presentation layer, Application Layer and Database Server

Presentation Layer
It is just a client end interface that helps the user interact with the application server.

Application Servers
A set of executables that collectively manage the input and the output for ABAP/4 Programs. If ABAP/4 program requests information from the database, the application server will format the request and send it to the database server.

Database Servers
The database server is a set of executables that accept the requests from the application server. These requests are passed to the RDBMS which sends the data back to the database server

SAP R/3 System Architecture (Contd...2)

SAP R/3 System Architecture (Contd...3)

Server Configurations

Application Server Architecture

Components of an application server

Application Server Architecture (Contd2)

Roll-in / Roll-out Processing

Roll Area
Pointers to Roll Area

Application Server Architecture (Contd...3)

Components of a Work Process

Overview of Presentation & Database Servers

The Presentation Server
GUI only At workstation Very light Sends requests to application server Obtains screens from application server and displays

The Database Server

Interface between application server and RDBMS Also holds the vendor specific DB driver

SAP R/3 Conceptual Areas

Application Area
Initiate and execute SAP transactions

Basis Area
The technical administration of the system

Development Area
A developers workbench Create & Test ABAP/4 programs

Platforms and Databases supported by R/3

Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front ends Supported Databases

AIX SINIX SOLARIS HP-UX Digital Unix

IBM SNI SUN Digital HP Bull

Win 3.1/ 95 / NT OSF / Motif OS/2 Macintosh Win 3.1 / 95 / NT OSF / Motif OS/2 Macintosh

DB2 for AIX Informix Online Oracle 7.1 ADABAS D Oracle 7.1 SQL Server 6.0 ADABAS D

Windows NT

AT&T Compaq Bull / Zenith HP (Intel) SNI IBM (Intel) Digital (Intel) Data-General

OS/400

AS/400

Win 95 OS/2

DB2/400

SAP R/3 Transaction Model

All steps of a business procedure is modeled as a transaction. Dialog driven set of programs and screens Identified using a Transaction code Can be executed both online as well as at background

Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts

The Logon Client
3 digit number ( 000 to 999) Helps maintain independent sets of data within the same R/3 system

Client mechanism and handling

Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts (Contd2)

Data Buffering
At application server by database interface

ABAP/4 Objects
Components of runtime environment Client dependent / independent / both

Activation
On/Off mechanism

ABAP/4 Dictionary
Meta-Data within R/3 Integrated with Development Workbench Data Dictionary (DDIC) Accessed by workbench components

Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts (Contd3)

Namespace and Naming Conventions
Reserved name ranges for customer and SAP objects Prevents overwrite during upgrades and patches Y* & Z* reserved for custom objects

Development Class & Local Objects

Logical grouping of ABAP/4 Objects Local Objects $TMP

Transports and Version Management

Records new and changed objects Both customizing as well as repository objects Organized using TMS and CTO Local objects cannot be transported A typical R/3 landscape

DEV

Q/A

PRD

Introduction to ABAP/4
Advanced Business Application Programming SAP Proprietary 4GL for R/3 Wide functionalities Multiple dialects
Data processing, word processing, screen processing

Block-Structured
Has an OO-Extension Byte-Compiled code
Generation generated form / runtime object Interpreted by ABAP/4 Interpreter at runtime

Very powerful

Introduction to Open SQL

A subset & variation of ANSI SQL SAP Proprietary Easy and Powerful Open SQL -> Work Process (DB Interface) -> Native SQL Advantages
Portability Buffering the data on Application Server Automatic Client Handling

Introduction to Open SQL (Contd2)

Demo
Its demo time Presentation Layer
Dynamic Menu Menu Bar Tool Bar Command Prompt

Transactions and Sessions

Refreshers
What is enterprise architecture ? Who is the leading vendor in the ERP domain ? Why does SAP provide different ERP solutions to different industrial verticals ? What are the 3 layers of the R/3 Architecture ? What are the components of a work process ? What is an instance ?

What is an user context ?

Refreshers (Contd2)
What is the advantage of the SAP Logon Client" concept ? What are the 3 conceptual areas of a SAP system ? What is a transaction ? Are ABAP/4 objects Client dependent or Client Independent ?

What is a development class ?

What is a local object ? What is transportation ? What are the advantages of Open SQL ?

Thank You.
Do mail your feedback, queries and suggestions.