Computer Concepts For End-Users (03-60-104) : Instructor: Dr. Addy (Adwoa) Donyina

Computer Concepts for End-Users [03-60-104]
Lecture 7
Instructor: Dr. Addy (Adwoa) Donyina
email: adonyina@uwindsor.ca) Website: http://cs.uwindsor.ca/~adonyina/
Chapter 5
Local Area Networks
Computer Concepts 2013
Chapter Contents
Section A: Network Building Blocks
Section B: Wired and Wireless Technologies

Section C: Network Setup Section D: Sharing Files Section E: Wireless Security
Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Network Classifications
LAN Advantages and Disadvantages

Network Devices Network Links Communications Protocols
Network Classification
History
Past: PC functioned as standalone units
One person interacted with one unit
One of the most significant network ideas was by Bob Metcalf in 1976
His plan for transporting data between computers is a key element in computer networking
Network Classifications
Personal Area Network (PAN) interconnection of personal digital devices or consumer electronics
Ex. Computer to handheld device
Local Area Network (LAN) usually connects computers in a single building
Ex. School computer Labs or Home networks
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) public high-speed network with range of about 50 miles
Ex. Local internet service provider
Wide Area Network (WAN) covers a large geographical area and typically consists of several smaller networks
Ex. Internet (Worlds largest WAN)

6
LAN Advantages
LANs enable people to work together Groupware, online conference, webcast etc. Sharing networked software can reduce costs Software site licenses for networks Sharing data on a LAN can increase productivity Provides authorized users access to data stored on a network or workstation Sharing networked hardware can reduce costs Ex. Connect 1 expensive printer on LAN vs many printers for each computer
Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of
services and specialized peripheral devices
Multiple users to access internet services
LAN Disadvantages
If the LAN malfunctions then
all the resources on the LAN are unavailable until the network is repaired Intruders can access data stored on network server or other workstation Ex. If worm gets through LAN security then every computer on the network is at risk
8
LANs are vulnerable to unauthorized access
LANs are more vulnerable to malicious code
Network Devices
Node Each connection point on a network contains a computer, networked peripheral/device network interface card (NIC) The network circuitry that computers require to connect to a LAN
A networked peripheral, or network-enabled peripheral
is any device that contains network circuitry to directly connect to a network A network device, or network appliance is any electronic device that broadcasts network data, boosts signals, or routes data to its destination Router
Acts as central distribution point for getting data to its destination
Network Devices
10
Network Links
A communications channel, or link
is a physical path or frequency for signal transmissions is the transmission capacity of a communications channel

Bandwidth
Broadband Narrowband
11
Communications Protocols
Rules for efficiently transmitting data from one
network node to another:

Divide messages into packets Affix addresses to packets Initiate transmission Regulate flow of data Check for transmission errors Acknowledge receipt of transmitted data
Handshaking Communication protocol that 2 computers on a network use

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks 12
Communication Protocols
Signals that travel over the network Digital signal
Transmitted as bits
Analog
Can assume any value with Specified frequency
13
Communication Protocols
How messages are transported on the network Circuit switching
Establishes a dedicated private link (direct pipeline) Ex. Telephone systems
Packet switching
Divides the message into several packets, that can be routed independently
14
Communications ProtocolsCircuit Switching Network
15
A packet
is a parcel of data that is sent across a computer network
16
17
Every packet that travels over a network
includes the address of its destination device A MAC address
is a unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured
An IP address is a series of numbers used to identify a network device IP addresses can also be obtained through
DHCP
Chapter Contents
Section B: Wired and Wireless
Technologies Section C: Network Setup Section D: Sharing Files Section E: Wireless Security
19

Wired Basics
Ethernet
Wireless Basics Bluetooth Wi-Fi
20
Wired Basics
A wired network

uses cables to connect network devices Advantages
fast, secure, and simple to configure Devices tethered to cables have limited mobility
Disadvantages
21
Ethernet
Ethernet is a wired network technology that is defined by IEEE 802.3 standards Simultaneously broadcasts data packets to all
network devices
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD protocol
Vary in speed from 10Mbps to 100Gbps
22
Ethernet
23
Ethernet
24
Ethernet- Ethernet Adapters
25
Wireless Basics
A wireless network transports data from one
device to another without cables or wires

Radio Frequency (RF) signals (Radio Waves)
Transceiver- transmitter + receiver
Microwaves-electronic signals Infrared light- ex. Remote control
Slower than wired networks Security concerns
26
Bluetooth
Bluetooth
is a short-range, wireless network technology designed to make its own connections between two devices
27
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
refers to a set of wireless networking technologies defined by IEEE 802.11 standards

Wireless ad-hoc protocol Wireless infrastructure protocol
28
Wi-Fi
Wireless ad-hoc protocol
Devices broadcast directly to each other
Wireless infrastructure protocol
Centralized broadcasting device coordinates communication among network devices
29
Wi-Fi
30
Wi-Fi
If your computer is not pre-equipped with
wireless circuitry, you can purchase and install a Wi-Fi adapter
31
Chapter Contents

32
Section C: Network Setup

Setup Overview
Router Installation
Router Configuration Internet Connection Device Connection
33
Setup Overview
Plug in the router Connect the router to a computer Configure the router Access the router setup utility Create a new router password Enter an SSID for the network Activate WEP, WPA, or PSK and create an encryption key 8. Connect an Internet access device 9. Set up the wireless workstations
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Router Installation
Look for a Wireless-N router that includes a
Gigabit Ethernet switch
Wired and wireless connections
Make sure the number of Ethernet ports is
sufficient for the number of wired devices that you intend to connect
35
Router Installation
36
Network device Example

Home Network
Wireless router includes

Ethernet switch Internet gateway
37
Router Configuration
Before using your network
adjust the routers configuration settings to make sure your network is secure

Stored in routers EEPROM (router memory) You must connect a computer to the router You can use your computers browser to access the router configuration utility
38
39
An SSID (service set identifier)
is the name of a wireless network
Use the router configuration software to
change the default SSID
40
Each workstation requires a unique address
for sending and receiving data
41
Wireless encryption
scrambles the data transmitted between wireless devices and then unscrambles the data only on devices that have a valid encryption key

WEP WPA
PSK
42
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Provide level of confidentiality similar to wired network Very easy to bypass
Weak security measure
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)/ WPA2 Stronger protection by making sure that packets gave not been intercepted or tampered with Type of WPA is PSK
Used on most home networks

43
Wireless Encryption Key (network security
key)

Is used for scrambling and unscrambling data Like a password except longer (illustrated on next slide)
44
45
Internet Connection
modem
designed to carry data to and from the Internet

Now a days, a device supplied by Your Internet service provider has a standard Ethernet port that can be connected to a router Most routers supply a WAN port designed for an Internet connection Plug a standard network cable into the routers WAN port and connect the other end of the cable into the Internet modem
46
Internet Connection
47
Wireless Connection
Macs and Windows OS(if wireless capable)
automatically sense available networks and give you the option of connecting to them
The computer is in range of your router
48
Ex. Windows Wireless Connection

Windows computer
49
Ex. Mac Wireless connection
50
Wireless connection to other devices

Any device that has Wi-Fi capability should
be able to connect to your network
51
Ex. Printer Device Connection on a network
Easiest
Chapter Contents

53
Section D: Sharing Files

File Sharing Basics
Accessing Shared Files

Sharing Your Files File Servers Network Troubleshooting
54
File Sharing Basics

File sharing
allows files containing documents, photos, music, and other data to be accessed from computers other than the one on which they are stored Once your network gives you access to other computers on the network, you can view a list of files stored there
55

To see a list of devices on your network
you can use your operating systems file management utility is a setting that affects whether your computer can see other computers on a network, and whether your computer can be seen by others
Network discovery
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57
Sharing Your Files
58
Sharing Your Files

When you activate file sharing: files in Public folders can be accessed by other network users You also can make specific files shareable If you want the convenience of sharing files, limit
what you share and who you share it with:

Assign permissions to files Limit sharing to specific people Remove sharing from files you no longer want to share Use a homegroup if your network is composed of Windows computers A homegroup is a collection of trusted Windows computers that automatically share files and folders
59
Assigning Permissions to a shared file

Read and write Permission
Open + view +edit +delete

Open + view Allows people to put files in folders But people cannot open/copy/ change files
Read permission
Write only

60
Sharing Your Files
61
File Servers
A file server
is a computer whose primary purpose is to be a repository for files that can be accessed by network workstations
62
Troubleshooting
Network problems can
stem from a variety of sources

Cables Signal strength Security Interference Network devices Settings Switches

63
Chapter Contents

64
Section E: Wireless Security

Wi-Fi Security
Encryption
65
Wi-Fi Security
Weakness
Networks with wired or wireless connections are vulnerable to a variety of threats
Because wireless signals are broadcast through the air; and like the signals from a radio station, they can be picked up by any device equipped with a receiver tuned to the right frequency
66
Wi-Fi Security
67
Wi-Fi Security
network router maintains
a list of clients that are accessing your network using wired or wireless connections
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Encryption
Encryption
transforms a message so that its contents are hidden from unauthorized readers

Plaintext has not yet been encrypted An encrypted message is referred to as ciphertext
Decryption
is the opposite of encryption
69
Encryption
Cryptographic algorithm
Is a procedure for encrypting/decrypting a message Is a word, number or phrase that must be known to encrypt or decrypt a message
Cryptographic key (Key)
Ex. Caesars Algorithm: offset letter of the
algorithm by 3 letters ( shown below) key=3
70
Encryption
Weak encryption

Easy to decrypt without the algorithm/key Ex. Simple substitution Very difficult to break Ex. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) used
Strong encryption

for WPA2 Encryption methods can be broken by the use of expensive, specialized, code-breaking computers
Encryption
Symmetric Key Encryption
Key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message Ex. Caesars encryption method Has a key-distribution problem
eliminates key-distribution problem, by using one key to encrypt a message and another key to decrypt the message
72
Public key encryption (PKE)
Public Key Encryption
73
Encryption
When personal computer users want to
encrypt e-mail or other documents, they turn to public key encryption software
such as PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), GnuPG, or AxCrypt
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Example PGP Encryption
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Chapter 5 Complete Computer Concepts 2013

Computer Concepts For End-Users (03-60-104) : Instructor: Dr. Addy (Adwoa) Donyina

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Computer Concepts for End-Users [03-60-104]

Computer Concepts 2013

Section B: Wired and Wireless Technologies

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Section A: Network Building Blocks

LAN Advantages and Disadvantages

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Past: PC functioned as standalone units

One person interacted with one unit

Ex. Computer to handheld device

Local Area Network (LAN) usually connects computers in a single building

Ex. School computer Labs or Home networks

Ex. Local internet service provider

Ex. Internet (Worlds largest WAN)

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of

services and specialized peripheral devices

Multiple users to access internet services

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

LANs are vulnerable to unauthorized access

LANs are more vulnerable to malicious code

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

A networked peripheral, or network-enabled peripheral

Acts as central distribution point for getting data to its destination

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

network node to another:

Handshaking Communication protocol that 2 computers on a network use

Can assume any value with Specified frequency

Communications ProtocolsCircuit Switching Network

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

is a parcel of data that is sent across a computer network

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

includes the address of its destination device A MAC address

is a unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured

Section B: Wired and Wireless

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Section B: Wired and Wireless Technologies

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

uses cables to connect network devices Advantages

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD protocol

Vary in speed from 10Mbps to 100Gbps

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Ethernet- Ethernet Adapters

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

device to another without cables or wires

Radio Frequency (RF) signals (Radio Waves)

Transceiver- transmitter + receiver

Microwaves-electronic signals Infrared light- ex. Remote control

Slower than wired networks Security concerns

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

refers to a set of wireless networking technologies defined by IEEE 802.11 standards

Wireless ad-hoc protocol Wireless infrastructure protocol

Chapter 5: Local Area Networks

Devices broadcast directly to each other

Wireless infrastructure protocol