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Meiosis
The form of cell division by which gametes,
haploid (n)
Meiosis
Sex cells divide to produce gametes (sperm or
egg).
Gametes have half the # of chromosomes. Occurs only in gonads (testes or ovaries).
chromosomal differences.
Spermatogenesis
n=23
human sex cell
n=23
2n=46
sperm
n=23
haploid (n)
n=23
diploid (2n)
n=23 n=23
meiosis I
meiosis II
Interphase I
Similar to mitosis interphase. Chromosomes replicate (S phase). Each duplicated chromosome consist of two
Interphase I
Nucleus and nucleolus visible.
chromatin
nuclear membrane
cell membrane
nucleolus
number by one-half.
four phases:
a. b. c. d.
Prophase I
Longest and most complex phase (90%). Chromosomes condense.
Prophase I - Synapsis
Homologous chromosomes
sister chromatids
Tetrad
sister chromatids
Homologous Chromosomes
Pair of chromosomes (maternal and paternal) that are
on homologues.
Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
a. b.
Homologous Chromosomes
Paternal
Maternal
Crossing Over
over.
variation
Sex Chromosomes
XX chromosome - female
XY chromosome - male
Prophase I
spindle fiber
centrioles
aster fibers
Shortest phase
Metaphase I
1. Orientation of homologous pair to poles is random. 2. Variation 3. Formula: 2n Example: 2n = 4 then n = 2 thus 22 = 4 combinations
Metaphase I
OR
metaphase plate
metaphase plate
Question:
In terms of Independent Assortment -how
Answer
Formula: 2n Human chromosomes: 2n = 46
n = 23
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate and
centromeres.
Anaphase I
Telophase I
chromosomes.
Cytokinesis occurs and two haploid daughter
Telophase I
Meiosis II
No interphase II
Prophase II
same as prophase in mitosis
Metaphase II
same as metaphase in mitosis
metaphase plate
metaphase plate
Anaphase II
same as anaphase in mitosis sister chromatids separate
Telophase II
Cytokinesis occurs.
Remember:
Telophase II
Meiosis
sex cell
n=2
sperm
n=2
n=2
haploid (n)
2n=4 n=2
diploid (2n)
n=2 n=2
meiosis I
meiosis II
Variation
Important to population as the raw
Answer:
1. crossing over (prophase I) 2. independent assortment (metaphase I) 3. random fertilization
Question:
(diploid) at the beginning of meiosis would, at its completion, produce cells containing how many chromosomes?
Answer:
10 chromosomes (haploid)
Karyotype
Fertilization
n=23 egg
sperm n=23
2n=46 zygote
Question:
beginning of meiosis would, at its completion, produce cells containing how many chromosomes?
Answer:
10 chromosomes