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~ D20091034834 o Siti Shahida bt Mohd Aziri ~ D20091034836 oZainab Fasihah bt Muhamad Sukardi ~ D20091034842
Dalila bt Aidi ~
Scenario 7
I cant resist They are yummy Series of field trip were arranged by the Biology Department to several orchads and forests during flowering and fruiting seasons. What caught your attention during the visit were the diverse types of fruits : some are attractive with bright and catchy colors that makes your mouth water, some with peculiar shapes and winged and some looks dull tastesless. You were given chances to taste some fruits in the orchads by the owner and some edible fruits from the forests by the forestry rangers. Back home, when you go to the markets and hypermarkets you saw variety of delicious common commercial fruits sold there.
You as a research officer were then asked by the department to produce a comprehensive but precise scientific documentation on what caught your attentions most along the visits. The documentations Must be creative and attractive yet informative; you may also add information from your readings and experiencesand do not forget to
paste in photos!!
Facts
Ideas
Learning Issues
Action
1. Field trips arranged by the Biology Department to several orchads and forests during flowering and fruiting seasons
1. How pollination occurs and what are the factors affecting it.
2. Why the fruits have peculiar shapes and winged and some looks dull tasteless. 3. What hormone is used to produce a lot of fruits in a certain time and how do they apply it.
3. The fruits were nourished by synthetic hormone and produce a lot of fruits in a certain time.
Facts
Ideas
Learning Issues
Action
4. Some fruits with peculiar shapes and winged and some looked dull tasteless.
4. Fertile soil and good fertilizers contribute to the production of huge amount of attractive fruits.
HOW DOES POLLINATION OCCUR AND WHAT ARE THE FACTORS AFFECTING IT????
a)Abiotic pollination -anemophily, pollinated by wind -hydrophily, pollinated by water b) Biotic pollination - entomophily, pollinated by insects - zoophily, pollinated by birds or bats(vertebrates)
Types of pollination,,,,, 1)Cross pollination(allogamy) - pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant. 2)Self pollination(autogamy) - pollen from one flower pollinates the same flower or other flowers of the same individual. 3)Cleistogamy - self-pollination that occurs before the flower opens requires consideration of pollenizers and pollinators. Factors affecting fruit tree production include the physiological condition of the tree, lack of pollination, weather conditions, and insect pests and diseases
-are alterations in the expression of a gene -these will lead to changes in what a gene does.
Effects of mutation: produce fruit of somewhat different appearance from the rest of the fruit on the tree.
APPLE
TOMATOES
alterations like fruit color or shape or physiological process (the sucrose accumulator) not visibly detectable.
Why do plants have peculiar shape? Come out with different background varieties. For instance peach trees, was identified as Stark Saturn, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,123, Example: Fruits with peculiar shapes:
What hormone is used to produce a lot of ripen fruits in a certain time and how do they apply it? Hormone used: Ethylene
Composition:
synthetic compound; ethephon Amino acid Methionine ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid)
Functions of ethylene:
Stimulates fruit ripening Stimulates shoot and root growth and differentiation (triple response) Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. Stimulates flower opening. Stimulates flower and leaf senescence. Stimulates fruit ripening.
What is fertilizers?
Fertilizers are chemical compounds applied to promote plant and fruit growth.
Organic fertilizers
Natural occurring compound
Processed organic fertilizers from natural sources Cover crops are also grown to enrich soil as a green manure through nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere by bacterial nodules on roots as well as phosphorus (through nutrient mobilization) content of soils
Inorganic fertilizers
Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers Manufactured through chemical processes naturally occurring deposits
Terms : Altering and modifying the genes in a living organisms to produce genetically modified organism (GMO)
GMO is called a transgenic organisms
TRANSGENIC FRUITS
APPLE
CORNS
Learning Issues
Basal placentation ovules attached to the floor of the ovary (long-section). Apical placentation ovules attached to the roof of the ovary (long-section). Axile placentation separate locule for each carpel and the ovules attached to placentae in the middle where the septa come together (crosssection) that belong to the citrus fruit type.
Parietal placentation ovules attached to the wall of a unilocular ovary (cross-section). Free-central placentation ovules attached to a peg or stalk that arises from the ovary floor but which does not reach the roof; ovules usually few to many (long-section). Marginal placentation arranged along the suture of a single, simple pistil (cross-section).