> Non Ruminant Nutrition

Irfan djunaidi

Setting Nutritional Standards

1. NRC, ARC etc 2. Take into account current scientific

development 3. Bioassay experiment 4. Consider vit. & min recommendation from various suppliers 5. Evaluate field problems to adjust

Nutrient needs :
Maintenance : to keep its body functioning
without any gain or loss in body weight or any productive activity Growth : increase in size of bones, muscles, internal organs and other part of the body. Reproduction

Factors affecting Maintenance Nutrient Requirement

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Exercise & stress Weather & climate Health Body size Temperament Individual variation Level of production

1. Exercise
Exercise lots are provided for confined animal help
keep their muscle in better condition and to reduced injury to feet and leg In restricted lots have a smaller maintenance requirement Stress (race, show, transport, weaning etc.) increase maintenance requirements Greater stress, the more exacting nutrient req. Prepared to reduced stress by proper precondition.

2. Weathers
Maintenace req. increase as t, RH, and air
movement. Its related to heat loss In summer need less nutrient compared to winter nutrient convert to heat < comfort zone < nutrient keep animal cool. Optimum t : max. production rate, feed eficiency and reproduction

2. Sex
Differences in nutrient requirement Male requirement higher than female :
hormonal and gain rate were higher

3. Health Paracite and disease caused poor feed

eficiency

4. Body size
As the basis for determining
maintenance requirement (less accurate than body surface) Body surface expressed as metabolic size : BW 0.67 and BW 0.75

5. Temperament Nervous animal require more nutrient Estrus animal require more energy

Factors affecting Growth Nutrient Requirement

1. 2. 3. 4.
Breed Sex Age Rate of growth

1. Age
a. Younger animal: - consume more feed/unit BW - utilize feed more efficiently - higher requirement for protein, EM etc per unit BW - req. more digested diet b. As the animal grows, its capacity to use other type of feed increase

2. breed
Larger breed grow more rapidly and have
a higher nutrient requirement At same age : - faster gaining animal more efficient - Different feed efficiency

3. Sex
Male gain more rapidly than female and
have higher requirement Un castrated males use feed more efficiently for BWG (high water and protein, and low fat in BWG) Mature average size is larger in males Maturity faster in female

4. Growth rate
Fast gains may be fat gains Rapid gains may impair reproduction in

female Fleshy feeder animal may not desirable : reach market weight before desirable market weight

Factors affecting reproduction Nutrient Requirement

1. flushing 2. Sexual maturity 3. Nutritional reproductive failure

Flushing
Practice of having female gain in weight
just prior to breeding Feeding 15-30% more 2 -3 weeks prior to breeding After breeding put on limited feed to prevent embryo mortality

Nutritional reproductive failure (partly on the last third pregnancy)

Over feeding or under feeding Low energy and protein level Low P decrease number of young born Low Iodine cause impair and reprod. Low Vit A. cause weak and blind young
birth.

TERIMA KASIH

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