Summary Sheet

Session Number : 1 Date : 12.03.2007 Subject Expert : Dr. M.C. Nataraja Professor Department of Civil Engineering,

Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,

Mysore 570 006. Phone:0821-2343521, 9880447742 E-mail: nataraja96@yahoo.com

DETAILING OF STEEL IN STAIR CASES

Learning Outcomes:
After this students will be able to do the detailing of staircases through drawing and bar bending schedule.

Detailing of steel in Stair cases Contents

Definition and parts of Stair cases Types of stair cases Requirements Detailing principles Problems Art of Drawing Bar bending schedule

STAIR CASE
Definition Stair cases are used for the purpose of giving access to different floors of a structure.

Parts of stair a case

T

L2
G N
Le

L1

FLIGHT
W

FIG.1 PARTS OF STAIR CASE

Fig. 2 DOG LEGGED STAIR CASE

Parts of stairs
Flight and landing.
G Steps Rise-R Going-G=T-N Tread-T Nosing -N N T

R
W

Types of stair cases Based on shape

Straight stairs Dog legged stairs Open well or open newel stairs Geometrical stairs such as spiral, circular, etc. Free standing stair cases

Some photos
Straight SC Dog legged SC

Geometric SC

Transversely spanning SC

Open Well or Newel stair cases

II- FLIGHT

LANDING

OPEN WELL

OPEN WELL

I- FLIGHT

III- FLIGHT WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

WITH INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

OTHER STAIRCASES

SPIRAL AND GEOMETRIC STAIRCASES

RISER AND TREAD STAIRCASE

CLASSIFICATION
Based on type of span Horizontally spanning or transversely spanning SC

Longitudinally spanning SC.

For details refer IS:456-2000 and SP-34.

Guide lines for fixing the dimensions

Rise (R) Tread (T)
Rise (R) Tread (T) [T + 2R]

: 150mm to 180mm : 220 mm to 250 mm- for residential buildings.

: 120 to 150 mm : 250 mm to 300 mm for public buildings : Between 500 mm to 650 mm

The width of the stair 0.8 m to 1 m for residential building and 1.8 m to 2 m for public building.

Guide lines for fixing the dimensions Contd

The width of the landing is equal to the width of stairs.

The number of steps in each flight should not be greater than 12

The pitch of the stair should not be more than 38 degrees. The head room measured vertically above any step or below the mid landing shall not be less than 2.1 m.

Design of stairs
Design for maximum bending moment and check for maximum shear force. The depth is to be fixed from deflection criteria. Stair case slab is designed as a conventional slab. All rules regarding the detailing are similar to that of slab. Enough development and anchorage lengths for steel should be provided.

Transversally spanning stair case

MAIN STEEL
0.5 Ast D1
STRINGER BEAMS STRINGER BEAM

0.1Le0.15Le
STEPS

Ast
Le

D2

STIRRUP

DIST. STEEL Refer SP-34 for more details

TRANSVERSLY SPANNING
0.1-0.15Le DS DB 0.5Ast

MAIN Ast
L Le

DS bW

6m m STIRRUP DETAILS AND HOOK

STAIR CASE SUPPORTED ON SIDE BEAMS-DETAILS

LANDING

WALL

Le

EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR LONGITUDINALLY SPANNING STAIRCASES

WAIST SLAB WAIST SLAB SUPPORTED AT THE ENDS OF LANDINGS

Case (a)

GOING=G

Le Case (b)

EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR LONGITUDINALLY SPANNING STAIRCASES

Le=G +[ X +Y], X 1m AND Y 1m

Case (c)
Le

Le=c/c of beams

Longitudinally spanning SC
Detailing
Steel at bottom longitudinally-tension
Anchorage and development steel

Distribution steel
Row of chairs Nominal foundation for ground flight

Exercise
A dog legged stair case is to be detailed with the following particulars: Clear dimension of stair case room=4.48 m x 2.1 m The floor to floor height is 3.2 m Width of each tread =250 mm Width of each rise = 160 mm Thickness of waist slab = 150 mm Width of flight =1m All round wall = 230 mm

Exercise contd.,
Both flights are supported at the ends of landing on 230 mm wall. (Landing and flight spans in the same direction) The first flight starts from the plinth level Main steel for each flight = #12@120 Distribution steel for each flight = #8@ 200 Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Draw to a suitable scale The plan of stair case Sectional elevation of the Ground flight Sectional elevation of the First flight Bar bending schedule

Solution
Dimensioning: R=160 mm, T= 250 mm Floor to floor height = 3200mm No of rises = 3200/R = 20. Each flight has 10 rises. No of treads per flight=10-1 =9 Width of landing along flight = (4480-9x250)/2 = 1115mm. Going of flight=9x250 =2250mm Development length = 47= 47 x 12 = 564 mm

Exercise Plan of stair case

1115 mm 2250 mm 1115 mm

Gap=0.1m

2100

Le = 4710 mm

PLAN Clear dimension of stair case room=4.48 m x 2.1 m

DETAILING
T= 250
REINFORCEMENT FROM BM LANDING

Ld =564

FLOOR LEVEL ROW OF CHAIRS

R=160

LAP L

FIRST FLIGHT

Ld =564

Main steel [B]

Wall MAIN STEEL # 12 @ 120

[A] [C] [D,E]Anchorage steel

DIST. STEEL # 8 @ 200

150

GL FOUNDATION GROUND FLIGHT 500 mm 500 mm

Landing and flight spans longitudinally

DETAILING
Y=0.3 l or Ld X = 0.15 l or Ld
Y MAIN STEEL Y l DS X LANDING BEAM

150
LANDING BEAM INTERMEDIATE LANDING

FIRST FLIGHT

ROW OF CHAIRS

MAIN STEEL # 12 @ 120 DIST. STEEL # 8 @ 150 150 GL FOOTING 500

GROUND FLIGHT

150 500 Le PLAN

Flight spans longitudinally on landing beams

Details at the junction of flight and landing

Wrong
T

Concrete spalling due to tension in steel

Ld Ld

ok

Extra steel if needed

STRAIGHT STAIR CASE

Refer SP-34 and learn the details

Bar bending schedule

For exercise problem
Dia. Length in in mm m/piece Total length in m
#12 #8
8 spacings, main bar Main bar Dist. Bar L=10002EC

No. of Member Mark bars

Bar details

Remarks

A SC GFl

12

measure

X1

12

measure

X2

Count

960

Y1

Bar bending scheduleContd.,

D StairGround Floor E 9 12 measure X4 ------Calculations are based on actual measurement on drawing sheet. 9 12 measure X3 Anchorage bars

Anchorage bars

Total length in m/diameter Weight in kg/m Total weight in kg/diameter

Estimation of quantity of concrete

Volume of concrete = L x B x D L= length along the central line in m-measured B=Breadth in m D=Thickness of slab in m Plus concrete in footing Weight of concrete, kg = Volume x density

Conclusion
Students have learnt the following:

Types of staircases.
Effective span concept. Requirements of staircase. Detailing of steel. Importance of development length and anchorages.

Drawing to scale and bar bending schedule.

The end

Thank you very much

Dr. M. C. Nataraja