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Question No 1
What is Bugging You in the Discussions Yesterday In Relation to being the CONVERGER?
The GOVERNANCE of ENR and the Lands of the Public Domains and Ancestral Lands are:
a) Statutory issuances
b) Customary
communities
Constitution, laws, orders, PDs, PPs, DAOs, etc; and laws (traditions) of
The GOVERNANCE of ENR and the Lands of the Public Domain and Ancestral Lands are:
Controls that:
Define
ENR Responsibility, Accountability, Authority (RAAs) for ENRM and every hectare of lands of the public domains and ancestral lands; and
ENR assets include the lands of the public domain. Who owns them? Who is the State?
All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated. (Art. XII, Sec. 2)
The
Timber or Forestlands
Revised Forestry Code EO on CBFM EO Sustainable Forest Mgt RA -Forest Charges Energy reservation JMCs DENR & DILG EO on log ban in natural forests
Mineral Lands
Specific PA laws
Wildlife Act International Commitments Energy Law DENR-DAR-NCIP EO on log ban in natural forests
The
Timber or Forestlands
Re vised Forestry Code EO on CBFM EO Sustainable Forest Mgt RA -Forest Charges Energy reservation JMCs DENR & DILG EO on log ban in natural forests
Mineral Lands
Mining Act Small Scale Mining Act
Cross Cutting Policies - EO 192 of DENR, IPRA Law, Climate Change Law, DRRM Law, EIA Law, ESWM Law, Biofuels and Renewable Energy Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act
Timber or Forestlands
Re vised Forestry Code EO on CBFM EO Sustainable Forest Mgt RA -Forest Charges Energy reservation JMCs DENR & DILG EO on log ban in natural forests
Mineral Lands
Specific PA laws
Wildlife Act International Commitments Energy Law DENR-DAR-NCIP EO on log ban in natural forests
Timber or Forestlands
Re vised Forestry Code EO on CBFM EO Sustainable Forest Mgt RA -Forest Charges Energy reservation JMCs DENR & DILG EO on log ban in natural forests
Mineral Lands
Specific PA laws
Wildlife Act International Commitments Energy Law DENR-DAR-NCIP EO on log ban in natural forests
In each IEM-NCI Site, the LGUs will have to use the governance framework of DENR, DA, and NCIP with respect to land and ENRM
EO 192 of DENR, Climate Change Law, DRRM Law, EIA Law, ESWM Law, Biofuels and Renewable Energy Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act
Communities with tenure; IPs with 35 % (>5.5 CADTs, CADCs, claims million ha) Private tenure holders in forest lands None (State as the de-facto) None (State as the de-facto) 10 % (> 1.5 million ha) 19% (> 3 million ha) 8 % (> 1 million ha)
Title holders
Ecosystem Goods and Services Are Provided Across the R2R Watershed Landscapes
Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM): Basic Concept and Its Applications in National Convergence Initiatives (NCI)
ES Guiang October 2012
3 BIG WORDS
Ecological systems or Ecosystems Management Integrated
An Ecological System or Ecosystem Refers to a localized group of interdependent organisms together with the environment that they inhabit and depend on.
Adapted from Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved; Convention of Biological Diversity (1995).
Ecosystems are:
Functional systems because of complementation, cooperation, coordination, timeliness, predictability, cycles, order, and purpose,
yielding various beneficial ecological processes and services, that are generically called ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES
DOFI
DOFI
Organisms in ECOSYSTEMS are dynamically interacting propelling biodiversity and yielding all kinds of ecosystem goods and services
Ecosystems Management
Science-Based Employs scientific methodologies that focus on levels of biological organizations, which encompasses
essential structures, processes, functions, and interactions among organisms and their environment.
Ecosystems Management
Common Direction Defined Tasks and Responsibilities, Accountabilities, and Authority in Decision Making Defined Relationships and Institutional Arrangements Dealing with Unintended Results, Spill Overs, free riders, and fall outs - EXTERNALITIES
The IEM-NCI Approach Pursuing Common Vision through Individual & Collective Strategic Actions
Improved land and ENR management with reduced threats & resolved issues Increased investments - public and private Sustained ecosystems goods & services that support local economies Capacities strengthened Sustainable financing established Reduced risks & damages from CC-related disasters
TASK 2. Strengthening Ecosystems and Communities Resiliency by Reducing Threats and Promoting Adaptation
Internal dynamics within the ecosystem itself i.e. competition, death, evolution, responses from disturbances Influences or impacts of natural processes weather, climate, movements of elements, etc. Human interventions all result to either positive or negative effects
TASK 3b. Regulating interventions that will affect ecosystems complexity, dynamism, interactions, sustainability, and functioning processes
Intervention Any of the following interventions will have ON- and OFF-SITE impacts: Use of asset or services Investment & ENR-based enterprises Restoration Laws and regulations Management On-Site 0 + Off-Site 0 +
Net Impact Some Examples
0 +
0
0 + -
+
0 0 +
+
+ + or -
+ or -
TASK 4. Optimizing the Comparative Advantage of Land and ENR Assets for Socioeconomic Development
Types of benefits from ENR Cash and Non-Cash, quantitative & qualitative, direct and indirect Total ENR benefits valuation of cash and non-cash benefits
40-50% of net total benefits or costs considered as private (benefits those who uses or manage the ecosystem) (Francisco, 2004) issue of fees, taxation, or loss 40-50% of total benefits or costs considered as public (common good) (Francisco, 2004) issue of free riders, penalties, taxation or fees
TASK 5b. Capturing SYNERGISTIC RESULTS from Complementation of National and Local Programs
Propel movements towards Higher Value Chains Generate higher farm-gate Profits Sustain and enhance ENR assets and their ecosystems services Reduce risks and damages from natural disasters Diversify and broaden the base of ecosystem-dependent local economies
to achieve
sustain ecosystems
Why does the Philippines need Ecosystem Management in its Integrated Form at the Watershed-Ecosystem and LGU Levels?
7. Key ENR-based industries depend on water for energy, irrigation, domestic, and recreation use 8. Increasing pollutants in various water bodies 9. Threatened highly diverse ecosystems and unique landscapes
Hence, IEM-NCI must be one of the CRACKs of Innovations where lights can get in
"If you want to sit in the shade of a tree tomorrow, you have to water it today."
- Malian Proverb
Looking into Convergence Programs of Philippine Government From Pres Cory Aquino to Pres Noy Aquino
Convergence is the synchronization of the delivery of programs and resources to priority areas and target groups.
Why?
Problems are multidimensional, therefore, need multi-disciplinary approach. Facilitate sustainable development.
Increase physical capital, create durable assets, improved land productivity. Maximize the use of scarce resources through complementation of resources and skills.
Mitigate effect of climate change. Increase social capital, collective planning and implementation.
Produce a result greater than all separate efforts (greater impact) the whole is more than the sum of its parts (G e s t a l t).
Meaningful collaboration is the best approach for solving problems in the 21st century.
Efforts to alleviate Poverty especially in the Rural areas (after the 1987 Constitution)
Objectives:
1. to institutionalize participatory democracy
2. to use the collective strength of the people for poverty alleviation efforts
4. to give life to the provisions of the 1987 Constitution that enshrine the idea of people empowerment. Section 15 & 17, Article XIII
Social Reform Agenda (SRA) Republic Act 8425, December 8, 1997 signed by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, said program was crafted by the administration of President Fidel Valdez Ramos.
"It is the policy of the state to adopt an area-based, sectoral and focused intervention to poverty alleviation wherein every poor Filipino families shall be empowered to meet its minimum basic needs of health, food and nutrition, etc."
Cuts across the different development agenda of government for economic, social, ecological, and institutional.
Composite Strategies
1. Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) Approach- 33 indicators to ensure their basic needs are met.
2. Convergence - ensures interface of National Government Agency (NGA), Local Government Unit (LGU), and civil society in the management of the programs/projects/activities.
3. Community-based approach empowering community members 4. Focused targeting - identifies target beneficiaries
6. Capability building equips executives, implementors and participants with the needed tools and techniques
7. Enhancing financial management finding other ways of sourcing revenue to supplement the internal revenue allotments
Executive Order No. 443 dated September 24, 1997 signed by Pres. Fidel Valdez Ramos institutionalized the Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS).
Targets 100 poorest families in the Barangay using the Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) Approach Poverty Mapping
Partner institutions were Department of Health, Department of Education Culture and Sports (Department of Education), Department of Labor and Employment, Department of Interior and Local Government and the Local Government Unit.
Targeted 100 families in every province or city with clusters of 20 - 25 families identified from a barangay
Target families were not involved in prioritizing their needs top-down mode of service delivery
Lingap offers a package of services to target beneficiaries through the different NGA's; CIDSS offers a menu of projects which a CIDSS interagency body could select from community participation
5 Strategies
1. Asset reform - redistributing land and credit resources to the poor based on government programs: e.g. Agrarian Reform, protection of fisherfolks, Indigenous People's Republic Act (IPRA), etc.
2. Human Development Services access to basic service like education, health, nutrition, shelter, water, sanitation and electrification.
3. Employment and livelihood - creating job opportunities through agriculture and fisheries, apart from micro-financing of small businesses.
5. Social protection and security against violence social safety nets, quick response basic services, e.g. food and emergency employment, etc., long term social security e.g. Philippine Health.
Strategies of Kalahi
1. Convergence approach as propagated by the Social Reform Agenda (SRA). 2. Sustained the Minimum Basic Needs approach for focused targeting of beneficiaries.
3. Expanded Social Reform Agenda (SRA) by adding asset reform and social protection to basic services.
4. Structure - Inter-agency headed by these 4 agencies Commission on Urban Poor (PCUP), Department of Health (DOH), Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), and Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).
National Convergence Initiative (NCI) Joint Memorandum Circular 01, Series of 1999 signed by the secretaries of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Reform, and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources duly approved by the President.
Goal - To develop and operationalize a common framework for Sustainable Rural Development (SRD) that will facilitate the convergence of the resources of the three agencies to maximize the impact or countryside development.
Complementation of agency initiative within a defined area under a common intervention strategy. A framework of sustainable agriculture and rural development which integrates the people, their economy and their environment.
Encourage active participation of the private sector, nongovernment agencies, civil society organizations the LGU's, academe and other government agencies according to their interests.
2005 National Steering Committee of National Convergence Initiative (NCI) decided to expand the scope of the NCI to nationwide implementation.
sharing of expertise and information collaboration and complementation of projects realigning limited resources reconfiguring agency activities to more focused interventions in identified project areas
sustain the agribusiness investment engagement that have been initiated address the weaknesses and gaps that were experienced in the past
lay-out clear mechanisms for harmonization and complementation among the 3 agencies
address the conflicting and overlapping policies among the 3 agencies which hamper the implementation of programs and projects on the ground
3. Adoption of the participatory approach from planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation.
4. Complementation of resources and expertise of the concerned agencies and Local Government Units. 5. Convergence shall be mainstreamed in all programs, projects, and activities of the national agencies and concerned Local Government Units.
6. Funds for the Convergence Initiative shall form part of the work and Financial Plan of each Department, government unit involved.
7. Networking and linkaging with other government entities. 8. Enabling environment to encourage investment by the private sector.
An Act Institutionalizing the Convergence Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development, Providing the Supplementing Mechanisms, therefore, and for other purposes same as the Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (NCI).
Primacy of the Local Government Units in national Development Efforts Legal Basis Legal Bases for the participation of NGOS and POs
Chapter 3, Article 1 of RA 7160 Intergovernmental Relations Article One National Governmental and Local Government Units
Section 25b
National agencies and offices with project implementation functions shall coordinate with one another and with the local government units concerned in the discharge of these functions. They shall ensure the participation of local government units both in the planning and implementation of said national projects.
It shall be the duty of every national agency or government owned or controlled corporation authorizing or involved in the planning, implementation of any project that may cause pollution, climatic changeto consult with the local government units, non-governmental organizations and other sectors concerned the goals and objectives of the project or program
Philippine Daily Inquirer - July 15, 1998, pp. 1-20 Latest data of NSO on poverty
Richest 10 % of Filipino families - is the only sector that increased its share of the total income.
Watershed and ecosystem management approach the holistic, collaborative, multiple use and sustainable management of all resources within an ecosystem area. the strategy used by the Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (ENCI).
Ridge-to-reef strategy refers to the development approach to improve the lives of the rural poor by utilizing land from upland and forest areas, in middle and lowland areas, down to the coastal areas, premised on the principle that ecosystems are interdependent and that interventions in one ecosystem affects other ecosystems.
Upland and forest system refers to the areas with at least 18 percent slope.
Ecosystem a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.
Local Convergence Areas (LCA) based on the framework defined through its Comprehensive Areas Development Plan (CADP) characterized by the presence of key communities with potentials for connectivity in each ecosystem.
Secondary growth forest refers to the longest and most dynamic natural forest ecosystem in the Philippines. It refers to areas which has been disturbed in some way, naturally or unnaturally.
Watershed refers to a typographically delineated area of land from which rainwater can drain as surface run-off.
Enhanced National Convergence Initiative refers to the national convergence initiative strategy provided for under DA, DAR, DENR, and Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01, Series of 2010.
Watershed and Ecosystem approach - the convergence strategy that will be used by the Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (ENCI). It is the holistic, collaborative, multiple use and sustainable management of all resources within a watershed.
1.
Perceived mechanism problems among the past efforts towards rural development using convergence or interface approach.
Participating arrangements
Most significant factors for success of convergence or interface (Bautista, 1999) 1. Community preparation 2. Community mobilization 3. Commitment of the local executive
2. Community-based approach community organization was done only in specific areas 3. Focused Targeting - MBN approach to target beneficiaries was used only in specific areas
4. Community-based Information System - lack of competence by service workers to analyze and interpret MBN results 5. Social Mobilization
6. Financial support
2.
How can these mechanisms be enhanced or strengthened for effective and efficient national convergence initiatives for rural development?