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LIGIA PETRESCU
BACKGROUND
This class of kidney disease centers around the glomerulus.
This is where the main filtration of the nephron occurs and is located within the Bowman's capsule.
CLASIFICATION
ACUTE NEPHRITIC SYNDROME RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ASYMPTOMATIC HEMATURIA OR PROTEINURIA CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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ACUTE DIFFUSE PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE (CRESCENTIC) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULOPATHY MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IgA NEPHROPATHY FOCAL PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS FIBRILLARY GLOMERULOPATHY
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SYSTEMIC DISEASES
COLAGENOSIS (SLE) DIABETES MELLITUS AMYLOIDOSIS GOODPASTURE SYNDROME POLYARTERITIS NODOSA WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Bacterial infections
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically develops following a throat or skin infection in children between the ages of 2 and 14.
viral infections such as, hepatitis C, B, HIV parasitic infections such as malaria.
HEREDITARY DISEASES
ALPORT SYNDROME THIN MEMBRANE DISEASE FABRY DISEASE
OTHERS
Primary gravidic nephropathy Mixedema Dermatological diseases Obesity
PATHOGENESIS
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SYMPTOMS
fluid retention and tissue swelling (edema) low urine volume dark urine that contains blood (coke-like)
kidney biopsy
confirm the diagnosis, determine the cause, determine the amount of scarring potential for reversibility.
A biopsy, is rarely performed in advanced stages, when the kidneys are shrunken and scarred, because the chance of obtaining specific information about the cause is small.
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Tests for the cause of the acute nephritic syndrome may include:
Culture of the throat or skin Blood culture ANA titer (lupus) Serum complement (C3 and C4) ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody for vasculitis) Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody
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Chronic Glomerulonephritis
The urinalysis demonstrates a few RBCs and WBCs but is mostly nonspecific.
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This syndrome needs to be recognized early so that renal biopsy can be done and
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COMPLICATIONS
Pulmonary edema
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