COFFEE INDUSTRY

Presenters

Danial Fattah Hafizi Nur

Origins of Coffee
Coffee originated on the highland of central Ethiopia. By A.D. 1000, Ethiopian Arabs were collecting the fruit of the tree, which grew wild, and preparing a beverage from its beans.

The Arab world began expanding its trade horizons, and the beans moved into Yemen, where until ca 1700 the major emporium was Mocha (type of coffee), and then to North Africa, India and europe markets.

What is the raw material?

RAW MATERIAL

The raw material is only coffee beans. Coffee tree will produce coffee beans after the tree blooms about 5 years after planting. After the white petals drop off, red cherries form, each with two green coffee beans inside. Today, Brazil produces about half of the world's coffee. One quarter is produced elsewhere in Latin America, and Africa contributes about one sixth of the global supply.

main species of coffee

Coffea robusta 20% of the worlds production Different in taste and higher caffein content Deep reddish cast in appearance Coffea arabica 75-80% of the world's production. Low caffein content Dark brown or black in appearance

Both the Robusta and Arabica coffee plant can grow to heights of 10 meters if not pruned, but producing countries will maintain the coffee plant at a height reasonable for easy harvesting.

Countries producing coffee

The manufacturing (process industry)

HARVESTING PACKAGING

DRYING & HUSKING

ROASTING

CLEANING & GRADING

DECAFFEINATING

HARVESTING
Most countries, coffee beans harvesting is still done manually (pick by hand) and also can be machinized. Whether picked by hand or by machine, all coffee is harvested in one of two ways.

Strip pick

Selectively pick

The entire crop is harvested at one time. This can either be done by machine or by hand. All of the cherries are stripped off of the branch at one time.

Only the ripe cherries are harvested (by hand). Choosing only the cherries which are at the peak of ripeness. This kind of harvest is labor intensive, and thus more costly, it is used primarily to harvest the finer Arabica beans.

HARVESTING MACHINE

DRYING AND HUSKING

-dry method-

Older, primitive, and labor-intensive process of distributing the cherries in the sun, raking them several times a day, and allowing them to dry. When they have dried to the point at which they contain only 12 % water, the beans' husks become shriveled. At this stage they are hulled, either by hand or by a machine.

-wet method-

Use pulping machine is to removes most of the material surrounding the beans, except some of this glutinous covering remains after pulping. This residue is removed by letting the beans ferment in tanks, where their natural enzymes digest the gluey substance over a period of 18 to 36 hours.

Husking machine

Grading and cleaning

SIZE

TASTE

GRADING ACCORDING TO

LOCATION AND ALTITUDE OF THE PLANTATION

DRYING AND HUSKING METHODS

Huller machine

Size grader

Huller and grader machine

Once these processes are completed, workers select workers select and pack particular types and grades of beans to fill orders from the various roasting companies (such as Nescafe Co.) that will finish preparing the beans.

To make instance coffee, manufacturers grind the beans and brew the mixture in the percolators . During this process, an extract forms and is sprayed into a cylinder. As it travels down the cylinder, the extract passes through warm air that converts it into a dry powder.

Coffee Sustainability
Mean that farmers not only receive a fair price for their coffee, but that their sources of income are developed to support their families into the future, in a manner that respects their lands and communities over the long term.

Environmental issues
Farming Shaded plantations help in protecting the environment, but they give lower yield than the favored sun plantation. Processing There are three main issues to consider in processing coffee: wastewater treatment, utilising by-products, and conserving energy. These issues cause a battle between socio-economic issues and environmental issues.

Social issues
In some countries, the laborers work under extremely poor conditions. Their health and living conditions are not considered important. Child labor is shockingly common, and children do not receive proper education. Government give knowledge about coffee industry. Children get a better education, offering scholarship for further study.

Economic issues
The global crisis has clearly demonstrated the economic issues affecting coffee. Many company offering loan to people that want to make coffee business.