Yarn

is manufactured by 2 types of spinning:

1:Ring

spinning. 2:Open end spinning.

 It

includes 7 steps: a:Blow room. b:Carding. c:Drawing. d:Combing. e:Speed frame. f:Ring frame. g:Winding.

 Opening

the fibres from the bale form. Cleaning fibres. - 70% Blending the fibres.

 Further

cleans the fibres. 30% Straightens the fibres. Forms carded sliver.

 Increase

the parallelism in the fibres. Blend the fibres. Makes a drawn sliver.

 Parallelizes

the fibres. Remove short fibres. Forms combed sliver.

 Reduce

the size. Twist the sliver into Roving. Winds the Roving into Roving bobbin.

 Reduces

the size of the final required count. Twist the roving into the final yarn. Winds the yarn on a ring bobbin.

 Winds

the yarn from ring bobbins to a larger package called Cone. Checks yarn for various faults.

 In

this Rotor spinning machine is used in place of Ring frame and Speed frame.

 Fabric

is made from natural or manmade yarns by any of the following methods: Weaving,knitting,bonding,crocheting,felting,knottin g.

Fabric weave is the pattern for manufacturing a fabric. Weaving is basically done by interlacing warp yarn and weft yarn at right angle. KINDS OF WEAVE: 1:Plain weave 2:Basket weave 3:Twill weave 4:Satin weave

It consist of alternate interlacing of warp and weft yarn,one warp up and one down,the entire width of the fabric. eg:crepe,organdy,cotton, calicos,cheesecloth,voile and muslin etc.

 It

is somewhat similar to plain weave.Twill weave is durable,heavier,wrinkle and soil resistant,and is more flexible than plain weave. Eg:covert cloth,drill,jean,jersey,tussah, velvet,worsted cheviot.

 Is

achieved by one warp yarn crossing over the most possible filling yarns. It creates float on the face side of the fabric which give the lustre and smoothness.

 Knitted

fabric are made from one continuous yarn or a combination of yarns formed into successive rows of loops drawn through another series of loops to make a cloth.

TYPES

OF KNITTING: 1:Weft knitting. 2:Warp knitting.

 When

the loops run horizontally across the width of the fabric. Eg: jersey,

 When

the loops run vertically and zig-zag across each other to form the fabric. Eg: tricot, raschel.

 Dyeing

can be done at any stage of fibre,yarn or fabric production.

TYPES

OF DYEING: 1:Producer colored dyeing. 2:Stock dyeing. 3:Yarn dyeing. 4:Piece dyeing. 5:Garment dyeing.

 This

is done to acheive the stripes,checks and plaids pattern.

 It

is used to dye loose fibre before yarn processing.

 Dyeing

a piece of a fabric after weaving or knitting.

 The

whole garment is dyed after they have been sewn.

 Printing

is used to apply design or pattern to

fabrics. These are 3 basic printing tachniques: 1:Wet printing. 2:Dry printing. 3:Digital printing.

 Used

widely in offices and graphic arts.

 Finishes

can radially alter fibre and fabric characteristics,performance or hand.

TYPES

OF FINISHING: 1:Physical means of finishing. 2:Chemical means of finishing.

mechanical process of passing fabric between heavy rollers,by using different combination of heat,pressure.

 This

straightens out the edges and the weaves of the fabric and makes it even in the width.

 NAPPING. SHEARING. SANDING

or SUEDING. SHRINK CONTROL. HEAT SETTING. GLAZING. BEETLING.

 CAUSTIC

REDUCTION. DECATIZING. DURABLE PRESS. MERCIRIZING. WATER REPELLENCY. FLAME PROOF. WATER PROOF. GREASE RESISTANT FINISH.

RIVETS

BUCKLE AND EYELETS

 Reliance

Industries Ltd, Kolkatta Dinesh Mills Ltd, Vadodara Digjam Ltd, Jamnanagar Oswal Wollen Mills Ltd, Ludhiana Vardhman Group of Mills, Ludhiana OCM Ltd, Amritsar Reid & Taylor Ltd, Mysore Raymond Group of Mills - Mumbai, Chindwara, Jalgaon etc. Global Wool Alliance Ltd, Mumbai