COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING

Presented

By:

Heba Saleh Karim El-Sabahy Mohamed Hussein

Outline
Definition Computer

Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)-detailed analysis of the concept Integration of the production process Control of the firm Product planning, design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) CAD/CAM applications CAM components Manufacturing plant and production systems Communication between applications Advantages of CIM Economic Aspects Case Example

Definition

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM): A computerized integration of all aspects of design, material selection, planning, manufacturing, production, quality assurance, management and marketing.

CIM- detailed analysis of the concept

Integration of the production process (production control) Control of the firm Product planning, design and manufacture Manufacturing plant and production systems Communication between applications

It is composed of information structure: enables every person in the company, at whatever level, to benefit from real-time direct access to all the technical and economic data needed for their work. Production and inventory control (PIC): manages the manpower and material resources of an industrial company to produce the best compromise between three contradictory objectives:

Integration of the Production Process (backbone of CIM)

Commercial Financial Production-related

Control of the firm

CIM Enables managerial decisions to be made: the use of the companys resources should be maximized to achieve strategic objectives. The information system is therefore designed such that:
*Key data used for decision making are available, up to date and directly accessible. *The detailed design of the system guarantees that decisions are taken at the appropriate level.

The control function in a firm depends on:

1.The master production schedule (MPS) which provides help in medium to long-term planning decisions 2. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII)

Control of the firm

3.Database Product Data Data management attributes Production data Operational data Resources data Input of database
Individuals
Data Acquisition System (DAS)

Product Planning, Design and Manufacture.

Computer Aided Design (CAD): involves the

use of computers to create design drawings and product models

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM): the

use of a computer to generate the data required to configure a production process, for example the parameters needed to set up NC machines and robots

Integrating CAD/CAM

CAD/CAM

Allows the transfer of information from the design stage into the stage of planning for the manufacture of a product, without the need to reenter data on part geometry manually. CAD database is processed further by CAM into data and instructions for operating and controlling production machinery, material handling equipment, automated testing and inspection for quality control. CAM is capable of machining operations such as describing tool path for various operations

CAD/CAM Applications

Programming for NC, CNC, and industrial robots. Design of tools and EDM electrodes. Quality control and inspection

CAM components

The mechanical hardware:

Capable of moving different parts of the machine in programmed co-ordinate system (machine tool, robot arm, etc.) The power supply system:e.g. hydraulics, electricity, pneumatics, etc.. Actuation devices:
Such as stepping motors, DC & AC motors, Hydraulic devices, etc

Feedback devices, such as encoders The computer control unit: This part consists
of the machine control system, and the machine control software

CAM example

An example of CAM system is a CNC machine. Its a numerical control machine with a microprocessor as an integral part of the MCU. Data handling, control sequences, and response to input is determined by the integrated microprocessor. The software compiler used by CNC for simplifying numerical control programming is APT; and it is the most widely used processor.

Manufacturing plant and production systems

Flexible manufacturing system (FMS): host computer organizes the supply of materials, programs for NC machine tools, tooling of machines, etc in a highly flexible manner. Such a system:
is automated

is capable of manufacturing several types of product

can changeover from manufacturing one product to

another ideally by overlapping operations

Communication between applications

One of the main aims of CIM is to coordinate exchanges of information between applications such as:
Programmable logic controllers (PLC)
robots various terminals

Advantages of CIM

Responsiveness to shorter product life cycles and changing market demands Better process control emphasizes product quality and uniformity Support and coordinate exchanges of information between applications. Designing components for machining.

Advantages of CIM contd

Decrease the cost of production and maintenance through better use of materials, machinery, personnel and the reduction in work in progress (WIP) inventory Save time and effort.

Skills Required for using CIM

Good understanding of the process involved. Ability to describe and define different computer integrated models. Ability to develop different solutions for same problem.

Problems Faced

Unfamiliar technologies used. Requires major change in corporate culture. Reduction in short term profits. Perceived risk is high.

CIM Economy

A CIM return analysis could take the following structure:

Collect data typical of the present situation

Identify the sectors to be improved

Estimate the annual profits Evaluate the costs Determine payback time

CIM Economy

CIM implementation is tailored for specific company requirements, and is done in steps of cell application An educational software package including technical tutorials provided by Ciscos Basics costs $1100 Boeing 777 passenger airplane was designed completely with CAD/CAM software, costing $6 billion.

Case Example

Society for Manufacturing Engineering

The SME sponsored a conference called AUTOFACT in 1989 to simulate how a mid-size company exploits CIM. The conference was conducted by 25 companies ranging from computer system vendors to consultants worked together to make this simulation.

Steps representing CIM

Customer ordered a mower deck part on an older model tractor. Dealer used online CAD part catalogue to get part geometry. Dealer ordered four parts from factory. Information received at division office. Inventory system found parts unavailable. A message was forward to material planning system. Production planner reviewed part assembly indicating two assembly components not available. Production planner sent to design engineer to search for similar components on databases. Design engineer modifies the design of the perceived components and saves it on the database. New assembly number was sent to production planar upgrading the catalogues.

Production planar releases an order to manufacture parts Production planar selects production schedule and sends it to manufacturing production control system Manufacturing engineering develop NC program and verify it and transfer it to operator Shop floor term loads program to CNC machine After machining is complete, finished parts are grouped and taken to shipping Bar code labels are put on boxes then transferred into main plant A receiving clerk scans the barcode and logs boxes into inventory An order is sent to manufacturing engineer to prepare robot assembly program Assembly engineer requests part geometry and tooling geometry then transmits it to a robot programmer Robot programmer prepares robot simulation program and transfers it to robot controller Robot controller ordered to present parts to robot

Robot delivers the completed assembly System creates a barcode shipping label and puts them on boxes

Parts are ready to go

Questions?

Works Cited

Groover, Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Prentice Hall 2001 Henderson, Mark Richard, Wolfe, Philip, Computer Integrated Design and Manufacturing. McGraw-Hill 1991. Kalpakjian, Schmid, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Prentice Hall 2000. Waldner, Jean-Baptiste, Principles of Computer-Integrated Manuacturing. Wiley, 1992.