Ground improvement techniques

Under the guidance of :K.SRIDHAR

A.PARDHA SARADHI(09-101) CH.SAI SANDEEP(09-121) I.VIDYA SAGAR(09-138) J.JAHNAVI(09-140)

SCOPE OF PROJECT
ANALYSING VARIOUS GROUND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUES

STONE COLUMNS PVD USING ASH

HPCL

Tests on soil samples

Natural moisture content

Bulk and dry density

Specific gravity Liquid limit and plastic limit Sieve analysis Hydrometer analysis Unconfined compression test Direct shear test

On rock samples
Unit weight

Specific gravity
Water absorption and porosity Uni-axial compressive strength Point load strength

Tests conducted
Trial pit

Vane shear test

Electrical resistivity test

Options
Raft on pile

Stone column
Prefabricated vertical drain

Prefabricated vertical drains

Act as free draining water channel. surrounded by
a thin filter jacket which prevents the surrounding soil from entering the core.

A vertical drain accelerates the rate of

consolidation.

Installation of vertical drains is a convenient

technique for stabilization of soft and compressible soil .

PVD

PVD

Improving soil behaviour

Material added:

Sugarcane straw ash

Soil passing through 75micron sieve less than 35%
(clayey soil)

Tests
Specific gravity of ash

Casagrande test
Thread test Unconfined compressive strength test CBR test

sample 1

%stabilisatio n 0 2 4 6 8

Liquid limit 41.6 38.65 45.50 28.5 25 43.3 38.5 36 39.85

Plastic limit 30.95 26.88 29.32 15.57 13.94 25.41 25.47 25.64 27.24

Plastic index 10.6 10.64 16.19 12.93 4.43 17.89 12.88 10.36 12.61

0 2 4 6

40.8

27.85

20.66

sample 1.

% stabilisation 0 2 4 6 8

Specific gravity 2.42

U.C.C. (KN/m2) 79.64 179.18 209.98 284.66 179.18

2.

0 2

2.58

104.86 165.44

4
6 8

227.04
350.10 325.01

Ranges of UCC
0-25kN/m2 very soft clay

25-50kN/m2 50-100kN/m2-

soft clay
medium

100-200kN/m2- stiff 200-400kN/m2- very stiff >400kN/m2hard clay

Stone column

Soft clay
Foundation problem

Poor strength
Highly compressible
Uneconomical using deep foundation ie.piles

Light loaded structures like roads

Field operations
Drilling operations

Nearly 15 bore holes

Drilling machine rotary type

Relationship SBC &N

Net SBC=0.044*N*CW*Sa

N=no of blows
Cw=0.5 Sa=settlement factor =25 mm

Site details
Surface geological observation

Alluvial soils-silty clay/sandy clay/soft clay

Alluvial soil 8-10 m Soft rock from 13-16 m Water table 1.5-2 m

Bearing capacity

Laboratory analysis
Mechanical analysis (grain size)

Soil profile

Safe bearing capacity of existing ground

Stone columns
Bore filled with uncemented stone,granite chips

Receives strength by passive resistance of soil

Square or triangular grid patterns

 Use for storage tanks and bridges

Helps in
Improving bearing capacity Reducing settlements Stabilility of embankments and slopes To control liquefaction

Design methodology
Estimation of capacity

Capacity of stone column resulting from resistance

offered by surrounding soil against

lateral deformation Due to surcharge over it Bearing support provided by intervening soil between
columns

 Resistance against lateral deformation

Field load test

Using knetledge

Settlement should be taken to 1.5 times of design load

Settlements should be recorded using 4 dial gauges Load of 20% is applied at each stage Load settlement vs time settlement should be drawn

 Should unload in 5 stages

Load test should be accepted if settlement

10to 12 mm

Load details on kentledge

32 mm MS plate

ISMB 400 L= 7M N0-2

ISMB 400-L=4M N0-6

LOAD VS SETTLEMENT GRAPH

conclusion
Since the settlement was less than 10 mm for
99 T load

The carrying capacity of stone column is 90 T