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Strategy of disease

prevention and
disease surveillance
Strategy of disease prevention and
disease surveillance
Prevention and control of disease can be
divided into two parts :
 Strategy and measure of disease prevention.
 Surveillance of disease.
Strategy of disease prevention

 Policy of public health work.


 Modern medicine model.
 Public health of the whole society.
Global strategy of public health

 Health for all by the year 2000, (HFA)


 Primary health care, (PHC)
 Is the aim of WHO and all nations .
The four contents of PHC
 Health education and health promotion.
 Disease prevention and health care.
 Basic treatment.
 Recovery.
Preventive measure of chronic disease

 Different measures should be taken


according to the natural history of chronic
disease to prevent, or interrupt the
development and aggravation of disease,
which is called three levels of
prevention. 。
Primary prevention
 Health promotion
 Health education
 Self health care
 Protection and surveillance of environment
 Health protection
Two pronged strategy of primary prevention

 Population strategy: aims to lower the


exposure level to risk factors of the whole
population.
 High risk strategy: aims to eliminate the
special exposure of population with risk
factors of some disease.
Secondary prevention

 Measures to avoid or slow down the


development of the disease, which refer to
early discover, early diagnosis and early
treat the disease.
 Screening
Tertiary prevention

 Clinical prevention

 Aims to reduce the harm of disease, refers to

symptom treatment and recovery treatment.


Preventive measure of infectious
disease

 Preventive measures oriented to infectious source.


 Preventive measures oriented to transmission
route.
 Preventive measures oriented to susceptible
population.
Preventive measures oriented to
infectious source
 Measures oriented to infectious patients.
 Measures oriented to carriers.
 Measures oriented to contacter.
 Measures oriented to infected animal.
 Territory health quarantine and epidemic area
quarantine.
Measures oriented to infectious
patients.
 Early discovering
 Early diagnosing
 Early reporting
 Early insulating
 Early treating
Report of infectious diseases
 Types
 37 kinds of diseases were divided into three
types.
category A infectious disease
B category infectious disease

c category infectious disease


C category infectious disease

Class infectious diseases shall include pulmonary


tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, filariasis,
echinococcosis, leprosy, influenza, epidemic
parotitis, rubella, tetanus neonatorum, acute
hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and infectious
diarrhea other than cholera, dysentery, typhoid
and paratyphoid.
Early insulating

 Insulating the infectious patient is an


effective method that avoids spreading.
 Insulating interval is depend on the longest
communicable period and biological
detection. Should be between the shortest
incubation period and the maximum
incubation period.
Measures oriented to carriers.
 Carrier should be registered and managed.
 Give them health education; follow-up
periodically.
 Carrier should not take on special
occupations as nursery, service industry, et
al.
 Carriers of HIV, HBV and malaria should
not donate blood.
Measures to contacted person

 Quarantine
 Emergency vaccination
 Medical observation
 Hold to test
 Medicine prevention
Territory health quarantine

 Plague, cholera and yellow fever are


infectious diseases need to quarantined
by our nation, the intervals are 6, 5 and
6 days respectively.
Epidemic area quarantine.
 Limit the communication between epidemic area
and other areas.
 Insulate and treat all patients and carriers of
epidemic area.
 Sterilisation
 Immune susceptible individuals or give them
medicine to prevent the disease.
 After the longest incubation period, if individuals
having contacted infectious patients didn’t
develop the disease, the quarantine should be
cancelled.
Measures to transmission route
 Disinfection, killing insects and mouse.
 Disinfection
 Preventive disinfection
 Infectious focus disinfection
 current disinfection
 terminal disinfection
Frequently preventive measures

 Health education
 Improvement of health condition
Measures to susceptible population

 Vaccination
 Medicine prevention
 Protective measure
Vaccination

 Inoculating biological products into human


body to develop specific immunity to a
certain infectious disease, improve the
population immunity and prevent the
occurrence and spreading of infectious
disease.
Vaccination

 Artificial active immunity


 Artificial passive immunity
 Passive and active immunity
Planning immunity

 Based on infectious diseases surveillance


and analyses of population immunity,
according to scientific immune procedure,
vaccinate the specific population to control
and eliminate the infectious disease.
Vaccination

 Route and dose


 Contraindication of vaccination
 Response to vaccination
 Cold chain
EPI
(expanded program on immunization )
 Was proposed by WHO in the year 1974.
 Contents:
 Expanding the area of immunization.
 Expanding the spectrum of immunization.
Surveillance of disease

 Infectious disease
 Noninfectious disease
Concepts
 Active surveillance and passive surveillance

 Routinely report and sentinel surveillance

 Actual case and surveillance case

 Direct index and indirect index

 Fixed population and dynamic population


Contents and methods

 Collection of data
 Data sorting and analysis
 Communication and feedback of
surveillance information.
Surveillance system

 Population based surveillance system


 Hospital based surveillance system
 Laboratory based surveillance system

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