AN INDUSTRY ORIENTED MAJOR PROJECT SEMINAR ON DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT OF FOOT STEP OPERATED POWER GENERATION USING LINEAR AND CIRCULAR

GEAR COUPLING

Department of Mechanical Engineering SYED HASHIM COLLEGE OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad) Pregnapur(V),Gajwel (M),Medak Dist, Andhra Pradesh2012-2013

PRESENTED BY,
AADIL SALAHUDDIN KHALID RASHID SAB AFTAB ALAM (09561A0301) (09561A0315) (09561A0379)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without completing those who made it possible, under whose guidance and encouragement our efforts made successful. First of all, we acknowledge without any hesitation, the grace of GOD the Almighty, in this arduous journey. Undoubtedly it is HE alone who deserves all the credit for this work. With pleasure, we record our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. SYED KHURSHEED, CHAIRMAN of SYED HASHIM COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY for allowing us to do our project We express our hurtful gratitude and respectful regards to our beloved PRINCIPAL, Smt. RAFATH SAMRIN for her support and encouragement. We would like to thank from the bottom of the heart to our H.O.D, Mr. SYED KHAJA NAIMUDDIN Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, for encouragement throughout the project. With deep sense gratitude, we acknowledge the active guidance, help and co-operation rendered by our internal guide Mr. SHAIKH ABDUL SALEEM Assistant professor of MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT for his able guidance has sustained the effort that has lead to the successful completion of this project. We express our earnest and gratitude and heartfelt thanks to M/S Wine Yard Technologies for their technical support and guidance to complete the project in time. Finally, We express our gratitude to all other members who are involved either directly or indirectly for completion of this project.

CONTENTS
Introduction Block Diagram Power Supply Working Advantages Applications Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Nonconventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy into the electrical energy.

Man has need and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well-being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock.

This whole human/ bio-energy being wasted if it can be made possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy sources in crowded countries This project uses piezoelectric sensor. In this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the piezo electric sensor, A.C ripples neutralizer, unidirectional current controller and 12V, 1.3Amp lead acid dc rechargeable battery and an inverter is used to drive AC/DC loads.

PIEZO ELECTRIC A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the SENSOR:piezoelectric effect to
measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal.

Symbol Of Piezo Electric Sensor.

Piezo Electric Sensor

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

LEAD ACID BATTERY

Specifications 12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid battery 1. CE and RoHs 2. high quality and relaibility 3. miantenance free 4. long life cycle 12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid battery General Features: Sealed and maintenance free operation. Non-Spillable construction design. ABS containers and covers(UL94HB, UL94-0)optional. Safety valve installation for explosion proof. High quality and high reliability. Exceptional deep discharge recovery performance. Low self discharge characteristic. Flexibility design for multiple install positions.

Battery (electricity), an array of electrochemical cells for electricity storage, either individually linked or individually linked and housed in a single unit. An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standby power applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches; larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR
As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used.

Voltage Regulator Circuit

The first number 78 represents positive supply and the numbers 05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels. The L78xx series of three-terminal positive regulators is available in TO-220, TO-220FP, TO-3, D2PAK and DPAK packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1 A output current.

Voltage Regulator

BULB

Ac Blub A bulb is a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases. The leaves often function as food storage organs during dormancy . A bulb's leaf bases generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. The leaf bases may resemble scales, or they may overlap and surround the center of the bulb as with the onion. A modified stem forms the base of the bulb, and plant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and new stems and leaves from the upper side.

SWITCH
In a telecommunications network, a switch is a device that channels incoming data from any of multiple input ports to the specific output port that will take the data toward its intended destination. In the traditional circuit-switched telephone network, one or more switches are used to set up a dedicated though temporary connection or circuit for an exchange between two or more
parties. On an Ethernet local area network (LAN), a switch determines from the physical device (Media Access Control or MAC) address in each incoming message frame which output port to forward it to and out of. In a wide area packet-switched network such as the Internet, a switch determines from the IP address in each packet which output port to use for the next part of its trip to the intended destination. In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model, a switch performs the layer 2 or Data-Link layer function. That is, it simply looks at each packet or data unit and determines from a physical address (the "MAC address").

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD):

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. Its uses include monitors for computers, televisions, instrument panels, and other devices ranging from aircraft cockpit displays, to every-day consumer devices such as gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones.

 Among

its major features are its lightweight construction, its portability, and its ability to be produced in much larger screen sizes than are practical for the construction of cathode ray tube (CRT) display technology.

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INVERTER

An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries

Fig 2.26: Inverter

There are two main types of inverter. The output of a modified sine wave inverter is similar to a square wave output except that the output goes to zero volts for a time before switching positive or negative. It is simple and low cost (~$0.10USD/Watt) and is compatible with most electronic devices, except for sensitive or specialized equipment, for example certain laser printers. A pure sine wave inverter produces a nearly perfect sine wave output (<3% total harmonic distortion) that is essentially the same as utility-supplied grid power. Thus it is compatible with all AC electronic devices. This is the type used in grid-tie inverters. Its design is more complex, and costs 5 or 10 times more per unit power (~$0.50 to $1.00USD/Watt).[1] The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters were made to work in reverse, and thus were "inverted", to convert DC to AC. The inverter performs the opposite function of a rectifier.

Pin Description of LCD:

1.

2. 3.

4.
5. 6.

15. 16.

Ground Vcc +5V Contrast control Register select (RS) Read/Write (RD/WR) Enable (EN) 7 14 pins all are data pins D0 D7 Vcc +5V } Ground } For backlight purpose
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RECTIFIE R:-

The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification.

The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both Rectifier Circuit half cycles of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The circuit has four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two ends of the

In one simple inverter circuit, DC power is connected to a transformer through the centre tap of the primary winding. A switch is rapidly switched back and forth to allow current to flow back to the DC source following two alternate paths through one end of the primary winding and then the other. The alternation of the direction of current in the primary winding of the transformer produces alternating current (AC) in the secondary circuit.

Rectifier Circuit Description

DESIGNING FIGURE

Foot Step Design Under The Road

WORKING

When ever force is applied on piezo electric crystals that force is converted to Electrical energy is used to drive DC loads. And that minute voltage Which is stored in the Lead Acid battery. The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the loads. We are using conventional battery charging unit also for giving supply to the circuitry. Here we are using AT89S52 to display the amount of battery get charged whenever we place our foot on piezo electric transducer.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS

The function on AC ripple neutralizer is to filter the unwanted AC Flickering, noise. Unidirectional current controller: to oppose reverse flow. from conventional battery source it will be converted to 5v by using 7805 as a voltage regulator. Current Generated:15mA, Max Voltage:3.3-5V,Power: 0.75 watts. Battery ratings:12v,current ratings:1.3Ah/20hrs(discharging time).... one piezo electric sensor generates:0.0125 approximately (from 1 sensor) and 16 sensors (2 v)

ADVANTAGES
Reliable, Economical, Eco-Friendly. Less consumption of Non- renewable energies. Extremely wide dynamic range, almost free of noise - suitable for

shock measurement as well as for almost imperceptible vibration Excellent linearity over their dynamic range Wide frequency range, high frequencies can be measured Compact yet highly sensitive No moving parts - long service life Self-generating - no external power required Great variety of models available for nearly any purpose Integration of the output signal provides velocity and displacement

APPLICATIONS
Foot step generated power can be used for agricultural, home applications, streetlighting. Foot step power generation can be used in emergency power failure situations. Metros, Rural Applications etc.,

CONCLUSION

The project FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION FOR RURAL ENERGY APPLICATION TO RUN A.C. AND D.C. LOADS is successfully tested and implemented which is the best economical, affordable energy solution to common people. This can be used for many applications in rural areas where power availability is less or totally absence. As India is a developing country where energy management is a big challenge for huge population. By using this project we can drive both a.c. as well as D.C loads according to the force we applied on the piezo electric sensor.

REFERENCE: www.howstuffworks.com www.answers.com EMBEDDED SYSTEM BY RAJ KAMAL Magazines: Electronics for you Electrikindia www.techno-preneur.net results www.telegraph.co.uk/.../energy/.../Ja pan-harnesses-energy-from-foot.