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Introduction

Transportation is a driving force behind development and the well being of all people around the world. Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. The inadequate transportation facilities retard the process socio-economic development of the country. There is a need for application of electronic & information technology in improving the efficiency of road transportation and safety on roads.

Not much development has taken place in India for integration of Information Technology and Traffic Planning so far. Traffic Planning and Management in India has become an integral part of transportation. So there is a need to select the technology , which is best suited to the needs of the country and at the same time is cost effective and efficient.

Information Technologies applied to transportation systems


Control
Monitoring Enforcement Information

Control
Traffic Signals Lane Control Speed Restrictions Access Permission

Monitoring
Counters CCTV Graphical Displays Tracking

Enforcement
Regulations
Speed Access Weight Pollution Bus Lane Contravention

Information
Journey Planning
Pre Journey In Journey

Car Park Spacing Congestion Incidents Real Time Public Transport

Benefits
Reduced rush hour congestion and delay Increased safety and personal security Time savings and operation efficiencies Reduced fuel consumption and emissions Improved customer service and reduced frustration Reduced road accidents and fatalities and Enhanced economic productivity

How to Maximise Benefits


Is ITS Relevant ? What Options are there ? Focus on Need Define the Solution Procure Efficiently Remember ITS is the tool not the Master

Necessity of IT Application
Systematically employs advanced technologies in the field of transportation to enhance benefits for road users. Improves the existing transportation services through interconnected embedded technologies. The mean speed can be increased by efficiently monitoring the vehicle speeds. Reduction in road crashes. Provides system to avoid collision, accidents, and improves night vision and road alertness. Enables the rapid arrival of emergency vehicles during accidents to transfer the victims to trauma care centers within the golden hour through incident management systems.

Types of Information Technologies Implemented


Intelligent Transportation Systems can be divided into two main categories Intelligent infrastructure Intelligent vehicles

In both, numerous technologies exist


To minimize the risk of an accident occurring Reduce injury and fatality rates in accidents Provide the driver with valuable, timely information with which to make critical decisions on the road.

Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS). Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS). Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS). Automated Highway System (AHS). Incident management system. Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC). Advanced Warning System (AWS). Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS). Video transmission

Various IT Applications adopted in the World

Hong Kong's ITS makes use of CCTV systems and sensors to collect traffic information

Use of Intelligent Transport Systems on the M42 in England

SCOUT Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) - ITS America

Outdoor video surveillance on intelligent transport systems (ITS).

Variable message signs (VMS)

Unmanned IMTS (Intelligent Multimode Transit System)

In-vehicle intelligent transportation system (ITS)

Regulated Traffic after introduction of ITS in Mysore

Mysore Bus terminal after introduction of ITS

Bus stop after introduction of ITS in Mysore

Traffic Data from GPS Unlocking the Mass Market

Mobile CCTV

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Centre

Expressway Monitoring Advisory System (EMAS) in Singapore

Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC)

Advantages in application
Studies conducted in USA, Germany and Japan have brought out the facts that, if effectively implemented,
ITS will contribute significantly to a 50 percent reduction in road fatalities Survival rates of crash victims will increase by 15 percent as a result of in-vehicle automatic emergency call systems Travel time will be reduced by 25 percent It will lead to 50 percent less pollution in city centres due to enhanced urban traffic management Automatic debiting and tolling systems based on ITS will save travellers over 40 hours per year Freight and vehicular operations will become more efficient cutting costs by 25 percent

Indian Scenario
The first equipment to be used in Indian environment was electronic toll collection along the newly created expressways i.e., Delhi-Noida , Ahmedabad-Mehasana and Mumbai-Pune which is functioning satisfactorily In 1980s number of developed countries started using advanced system to control and regulate traffic. This is still to develop in India to suit our local ambience The most important task of IT Application in India will be the dissemination of ITS knowledge and imparting training for new professionals

Recommendations
Increase overall highway funding Create formula-based categorical ITS funding. Complete a comprehensive study of factors leading to crashes and fatalities. Understand the cost/benefit ratio of all highway safety programs, including education, behaviour modification, law enforcement, construction and ITS strategies Provide state and local transportation agencies with flexibility to implement solutions that work for them

Conclusions
The potential of ITS technologies in improving the efficiency of transportation sector in India appears to be very promising based on the experience of other countries.

A national strategic ITS plan for India is needed for the effective development and deployment.
Some of the ITS technologies like fleet management system, AWS, ETC, Incident management system can be applied to achieve an efficient transportation system. Since ITS technology is as old as 20 years in the world, India will have to pick up this for updating and be on par with developed countries in modern transportation requirements.

References
TRAFFICON-04 ,National Seminar on Traffic Engineering and Road Safety in India , Prof M N Sreehari , Chairman TEST www.traffictechnologytoday.com, Traffic technology international magazine www.nhai.com www.itsworldcongress.com www.intertraffic.com www.realtraffictech.com www.traffipax.com www.trafficam.com

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