LESSON 1

Principles of Measurement
Let the Games Begin!

Objectives

Measurement of temperature and pressure Units of measurement Measurement devices

References

Introduction to Naval Engineering

Principles of Naval Engineering

Purpose of Measuring Devices

Why essential to proper operation of propulsion plants?

WHAT IS TEMPERATURE?

An indication of the internal energy contained in a substance

Mono-Atomic Gases: Linearly proportional Poly-Atomic Gases: translational, rotational and vibrational kinetic energy.

Temp is a measure of but not directly proportional to internal kinetic energy.

Measurement of Temperature

Relative Scales

Fahrenheit (F) Celsius (C)

Absolute Scales

Rankine (R) Kelvin (K)

Temperature Relationships
(F) = 9/5*(C) +32
(C) = 5/9*[(F) 32] (F) = (R) 459.67 (C) = (K) 273.15

Measurement of Pressure

Definition: Force per unit area Units of measurement

Pounds force per square inch (psi) Inches Hg or inches H2O (Hg) Atmospheres (atm)

Pressure Relationships

Gage pressure (PSIG) Absolute pressure (PSIA) Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in Hg) Atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi)

Pressure Relationships
Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Press. + Gage Press. Vacuum = Atmospheric Pressure - Absolute Pressure

Pressure Relationships
30 PSIA 15.3 PSIG

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE (PSIA)

GAGE PRESSURE (PSIG)

14.7 PSIA

Atmospheric Pressure (Average at Sea Level)

0 PSIG 0 In. Hg

VACUUM (in. Hg)

0 PSIA 29.92 In. Hg

Sensors

Principle of Operation Temperature Devices

Expansion Thermometers

Liquid in glass Bimetallic Filled system/distant reading

Thermocouple Resistance Radiation and optical pyrometers

Pyrometers

Expansion Thermometer

Liquid in Glass Bimetallic Filled System/Distant Reading

Expansion Thermometer

Liquid in Glass Bimetallic Filled System/Distant Reading

Expansion Thermometer

Liquid in Glass Bimetallic Filled System/Distant Reading

Pyrometers

Thermocouple Resistance Radiation and Optical

Pyrometers

Thermocouple Resistance Radiation and Optical

Pyrometers

Thermocouple Resistance Radiation and Optical

Pyrometers

Thermocouple Resistance Radiation and Optical

Operation of Pressure Measuring Devices

Manometers Bourdon tube Bellows gage

Operation of Pressure Measuring Devices

Manometers Bourdon tube Bellows gage

Operation of Pressure Measuring Devices

Manometers Bourdon tube Bellows gage

Operation of Pressure Measuring Devices

Manometers Bourdon tube Bellows gage

Questions?