SOLAR POWER

SATELLITE
By…
SHAIKH IMRAN
3KB04EC042

Under the guidance of…

Prof.
M.Y.Patel
 INTRODUCTION
 It is an future satellite which collects solar power in
space and then transport it to earth surface.

 SPS will be an electric power plant.

 It consist of mainly three segments…

 Solar energy collector.

 DC-to-microwave converter.
 Large antennas.
 Contd…
 Total SPS system is composed of “space segment”

and “ground power receiving site”.

 TimeLine
Birth of concept to implementation…

 In 1968: Dr. Peter Glaser introduced the concept of SPS.

 In 1970: DOE and NASA examines the SPS concept

extensively.

 In 1994: United State Air Force conducted the advanced

photovoltaic experiment using a satellite launched
in LEO.
 Contd…
 In 2001: NASA states that “we now have the technology to
convert the SUN’s energy at the rate of 42 to56%”
and “we can send it to you like a cell phone call

where you want it and when you want it, in real

time.” and
“Japan has also announced to perform additional
research and launching an experimental satellite”.

 In 2009: A new company “Space Energy” plans to provide

 DEMAND
 Energy demands :
 One of the primary source of power comes from fossil
fuel such as oil, coal and natural gas. However, the
fossil fuels have two serious factors that prevent them
from being used for as a long-term primary power
source.
1.One is their limited amount
2.Other is that they emit carbon dioxide, which
causes global warming

Hence, the demand of SPS is increasing day by day.

 Contd…
Oil and gas liquids scenario :

Global production of oil. Lighter lines are predictions.

 Contd…
 CO2 emissions from fossil fuel:

 CO2 from fossil fuel burning could raise the infrared

opacity of the atmosphere enough to warm the Earth.

Hence,
demand of SPS is increasing day by day as it
produce very less CO2 which is harmful for lives
on our planet.
 OPERATION
 Launch and Transportation:
 The SPS is a gigantic space power station of ten thousand
tons orbiting in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO).
Therefore, transportation vehicle for massive materials
are required.
 For the launch and construction of SPS, the following
two vehicles are to be developed .
1. Reusable Transport Vehicle (to LEO where assembly is

done)
2. Orbital Transport Vehicle (Lift SPS from LEO to GEO)
 Contd…
 Launch from Ground to LEO:
Two transport systems are considered in the NASA's
reference system…

1. Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle (HLLV): they can lift

heavy materials into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) from
ground.

2. Personnel Launch Vehicle (PLV): It is medium and

light weight launch vehicle.
 Contd…
Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle….
 Contd…
 Transportation from LEO to GEO:
The SPS is considered to be assembled in LEO and
transported to GEO by solar electric propulsion orbital
transfer vehicles (EOTV).
 Contd…
 Solar Power Generation System:

 High Efficiency Solar Cells:

For collection of solar power we need high efficient
solar cells. We use CIGS cells as they are lighter in
weight.

 Solar collector cells

converts “solar energy”
into “DC electric
energy”.
 Contd…
 Microwave Power Transmission from SPS:

Microwave Power Transmission System converts “DC

electric energy” into “microwave beam” and this is
transmitted to earth using antennas.

Antennas..
A huge phased array antenna with high efficiency must be
used in the SPS MPT system. The phased array antenna is
necessary for delivering the power beam to a small
rectenna target.
 Contd…

One of the concept of SPS is illustrated above with

antennas at the bottom
 Contd…
 Target detection and beam control:

 Antenna of SPS detect the target rectenna on the ground

surface.
 It is important that all of the transmitted microwave power
is collected in the rectenna site on the ground. Absorption
by the atmosphere is to be less than 2%.
So, Accuracies of target detection and beam forming are
very important in increasing the beam collection
efficiency.
 These focused beam are delivered on rectenna.
 Contd…
 Rectennas and ground network:

 The SPS system will require a large receiving area with a

rectenna array and the power network connected to the
existing power grids on the ground.
 The word “rectenna” is formed from “rectifying circuit”
and “antenna.”
 The rectenna receives microwave energy and converts it
to DC electricity.
 It can be Dipole,Yagi Uda or parabolic antenna.
 Contd…
Received power at rectenna will be delivered to existing
ground network.
VARIOUS CONCEPTS
Contd…
 APPLICATIONS
 Most important application of SPS is to provide solar
power to earth in form of electric power in massive.

 SPS will help a lot to our industries and huge power

consumption sites to provide 24×7 power in large amount.

 Scientist has also proposed that SPS can also provide

energy to our vehicles.

 SPS can be focused to a desired rectenna to transmit

energy. Hence it can provide energy wherever required.
 Contd…
 SPS will fulfill our power needs when their will be crisis
of energy US research and Japanese research promises that
SPS will be capable to provide power wherever it is
needed (Island and undeveloped countries) can have their
own power station by constructing rectenna and receiving
power from SPS.
 ADVANTAGES
 SPS will serve up to 56% of solar power to earth
irrespective to day or night, atmosphere.

 As SPS is situated in space it receives intensive sunlight.

 Replaces coal and oil with unlimited solar energy.

 Produces only limited quantities of CO2, during assembly

and launch.
 Contd…
 Economically, an SPS deployment project would create
many new jobs and contract opportunities for industry,
which may have political implications in the country or
region which undertakes the project.

 Solar power is abundant therefore SPS will be an ever

delivering power station.
 DISADVANTAGES
 Maintenance of SPS is expensive and challenging.

 Requires a large reduction in launch and in place costs to

compete effectively with ground-based solar.

 Geosynchronous orbit is already in heavy use; could be

endangered by space debris coming from such a large
project.

 The size of construction for the rectennas is massive

 CONCLUSION
 Solar power satellites are a realistic possibility for solving
Earth’s future energy needs in an environmentally clean
and safe way, as it produce very less CO2.

 More reliable than ground based solar power, as it deliver

energy 10 times more than ground based solar panel.

 SPS systems will be future power producer and suppliers.

THANK YOU
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