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Objective
Capable to review the thermal calculation sheet from vendor and or process dept with comprehensive factor consideration.
Thermal & Mechanical performance Cost point of view Maintenance point of view
Material specification
Basic Knowledge
International Code
API 660 ASME TEMA
Preference Tube Size (tube diameter, tube pitch) Preference cleaning Method
Mechanical Cleaning Chemical cleaning
Geometry Parameter
Shell type TEMA
E no temperature cross F temp cross is unavoidable and space is limited (available with removable/fixed longitudinal baffle
Common problem for removable long baffle: fluid leakage
Baffle seal
TEMA Limitation
TEMA limitation:
Maximum shell ID: 60 in Max. Design Pressure: 3000 psi Or nominal tube diameter (in) multiplied by the design pressure (psi): max. 60,000
Baffle Application
Single segmental (horizontal cut) for no phase change. Heating and cooling. Single segmental (vertical cut) for vaporization and condensing (allows vapor-liquid disengagement) Double segmental (horizontal cut) same as single segmental but for lower pressure drop requirement Double segmental (vertical cut) same as single segmental but for lower pressure drop requirement
Fouling Factor
Particulate Fouling (gravitation, sedimentation) Precipitation Fouling (pengendapan bahan terlarut) Chemical reaction fouling (deposite due to chemical reaction) Corrosion fouling Biological fouling Solidification fouling (such as ice for subcooled, salt) In general, fouling problem mostly significant affect to pressure drop increasing rather than the thermal resistance.
Updated Anti-Vibration
Change tube layout (30o , 60o , 45o , 90o) Change baffle spacing Change baffle type and or add detuning baffles Use special design of baffle such as rod-baffle
Thermosiphon
Vapor-to-liquid ratio is critical to the operation of reboiler (usually 5 to 35% vapor) Vertical Thermosiphon
Tube length will be depend on amount of recirculation and available static head. Shorter tubes for available static head too small inch tube diameter are preferred for medium pressure service and clean service for economic reason (exchanger cost low) Larger tube diameter usually for vacuum services and or high viscosity fluid.
Heat and Mass balance? Is there any Overcapacity/oversurface required? Is there any alternative condition to be considered?
Case A, Case B,
Vibration Check
Vibration Check
Is vibration analysis satisfactory? Bundle entry/exit conditions checked To check calculation vibration analysis at first row of tube for more detail Check entrance/exit calculation spread sheet Consider impingement rods for large nozzles (18 or above) Check acoustic vibration prediction
F - Shell
Permitted by clients? Longitudinal baffle type
welded? Seal (lamiflex or Kempchen) required? Is shroud used?
Allowance made for physical and/or thermal leakage (if F/G factor < 0.9 consider insulated longitudinal baffle) Be alert if p > 5 psi or shell temp diff > 500oF
Kettle Design/Thermosyphon
Space for recirculation Are nozzle position clearly defined? Ensure the low operating pressure has affect to static head Alert if piping is assumed or known (clearly defined) in datasheet
Good exercise
How to do tube-to-tubesheet leak test at floating tubesheet (T-type)?