Unit Number.

06
Unit Name
ATTITUDES AND VALUES

ATTITUDE Definition
What is an attitude? Allport (1935) defined an Attitude as a mental or neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence on the individuals response to all objects and situations to which it is related. A simpler definition of attitude is a mindset or a tendency to act in a particular way due to both an individuals experience and temperament.
Name of Discipline eg. Mechanical Engineering 2

Attitude

A state of mind or feeling with regard to some matter

3 Name of Discipline eg. Mechanical Engineering 3

Three components of ATTITUDE

An attitude includes three components: an affect (a feeling), cognition (a thought or belief), and behavior (an action). Attitudes help us define how we see situations, as well as define how we behave toward the situation or object Attitudes also provide us with internal cognitions or beliefs and thoughts about people and objects Attitudes cause us to behave in a particular way toward an object or person
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Name of Discipline eg. Mechanical Engineering

Characteristics of Attitude
Difficult to measure
Indicated by behavior, reactions to individual situations, social values

May create inflexibility and stereotypes

Based on inconsistencies, incorrect assumptions or other false data

Demonstrated by behavior
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Characteristics of Attitude
Formed largely from the continuous process of socialization Positive or negative Once formed not easily changed
New conditions, new experience, and new information Attitudes may be affected by age, position, and education
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Attitude Formation
attitudes are defined as enduring systems of beliefs that can be examined on three different levels: cognitive (how we think or reason through an attitude) emotional (how we feel regarding an attitude) behavioral (how we act on an attitude)
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Origins of Attitudes
research has indicated there are several ways in which we acquire attitudes one of our earliest agents of attitude formation are our parents, later followed by our peers and the media

Name of Discipline eg. Mechanical Engineering

4 major sources of attitude formation are:

classical conditioning: associating behaviors and attitudes as "good" or "bad" (i.e. it's good to tell the truth, it's bad to steal) operant conditioning: being rewarded or punished for behavior and attitudes (i.e. being praised for telling the truth or being punished for stealing something) cognitive appraisals: weighing logical arguments in determining your attitude observational learning: learning attitudes through peer behavior and the media
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FORMATION OF ATTITUDE
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: The psychology of a person is the combination of his perceptions, ideas, beliefs , values, information etc. FAMILY FACTOR : Parents and other elders in the family influence most in the formation of one attitude

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FORMATION OF ATTITUDE
SOCIAL FACTORS: Societies differ in terms of language , values , beliefs ,culture ,customs ,norms etc. and all these influence a persons attitude. ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS : In an organisational work culture , nature of job , fellow workers , qualities of supervisor , pay package , and position etc all effects the formation of attitude
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FORMATION OF ATTITUDE
POLITICAL FACTORS : Political ideologies in the state/country , behaviour of political leaders , political atmosphere of the state/country influence a lot in the formation of ones attitude.

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TYPES OF ATTITUDE
POSITIVE ATTITUDE NEGATIVE ATTITUDE

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POSITIVE ATTITUDE
Optimism, as defined by Dictionary.com, means "a tendency to expect the best possible outcome or dwell on the most hopeful aspects of a situation". Take now the following definition of positive attitude: "a person's disposition towards life in a manner that shows optimism" (as opposed to a pessimistic point of view) is the POSITIVE ATTITUDE.
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NEGATIVE ATTITUDE
Definition: bad attitude , Synonyms: chip on one's shoulder, cynicism, defeatism, dim view, discouragement, expectation of the worst, gloomy outlook, hopelessness, lack of confidence, low spirits, negative thinking, negativism, pessimism. All these words put together or any of them is negative attitude.

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IMPROTANCE OF ATTITUDE
It Helps in better decision making It helps in developing a team spirit in an organisation. The person will treat a problem as a challenge It will help in achieving the goals cheerfully The stress level of the person/team member will be less even after the day of hard work It will give a new direction to ones life leading to success after success
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VALUES AND ETHICS

VALUES
are Global beliefs that guide actions and judgements across a variety of situations as defined by a socio-psychologist Molten Rokeach

VALUES
Values represent basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct (or end state of existence) is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct ( or end- state of existence).

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TYPES OF VALUES
Terminal Values (ends)
Comfortable life Sense of accomplishment Family Security Self respect Wisdom

Instrumental Values(means)
Ambition Courage Honesty Helpfulness Independence

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VALUES AND ETHICS ETHICS:

The question of: (a) what is right and acceptable and above board versus what is wrong and unacceptable and under-the-table

DEFINITIONS ETHICS (CONT):

Collection of: Right attitudes, Right values, Correct behaviour; Respect for others (These are considered as irreducible moral expectations)
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DEFINITIONS

ETHICS (CONT):
Principles that govern a person or groups behaviour, Rules of behaviour. They regulate what an employee would do in different situations at work WOULD DO ethics are intrinsic, part of the character of a person, Can be taught but cannot be achieved without the inner desire to accomplish them
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ETHICS - DEFINITION
Ethics is a set of moral rules and regulations formulated from the time immemorial by the society for its members to lead an honest and happy life. Ethics indicates the way of life one has to lead , where honesty , discipline , and understanding of moral values & ideals , character and relationship with others are the influencing factors.
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Factors effecting ethical behaviour

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS SOCIAL FACTORS OPPORTUNITY FACTORS

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TYPES OF ETHICS
1 PERSONAL ETHICS It may be defined as the rules by which an individual lives his / her personal life is known as personal ethics. 2 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS It may be defined as the moral way the professionals should behave in his domain of profession, be it engineering , medical , legal , or business, is known as professional ethics.

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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Professional ethics are the standards or codes of conduct set by the people in a specific profession. A code of ethics is a part of expectations of those involved in a particular profession by all concerned. For example , a patient expect ethical behaviour from the doctor. Professional ethics is commonly known as ethical business practices
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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

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ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD WORK ETHICS

GENERAL: Being prepared to go the extra mile to get things done, Creating the environment for teamwork to flourish, Cultivating values and actions perceived as appropriate at work place, Having the capacity to encourage best performance from colleagues.
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ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD WORK ETHICS

SPECIFIC: HONESTY:

Assignments should be done with utmost honesty: no cheating, lying, stealing It is psychologically proven that if you do these things your conscience will bother you.
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ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD WORK ETHICS

SPECIFIC: DEPENDABILITY:

Dependable people are also reliable and responsible They produce results when needed and expected They are not given to excuses They are good examples to those around them
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ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD WORK ETHICS

SPECIFIC: EFFICIENCY (COMPETENCE): Maximization of personal and organizations resources (time, paper, money), Enhances personal growth and the betterment of the organization, The hallmark of good workers
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ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD WORK ETHICS SPECIFIC: POSITIVE WORK HABITS:

Cultivate habits that impress colleagues, subordinate and superiors Dress appropriately Come early to work, Put in a full day s work
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SPECIFIC: INITIATIVE:

Do not always wait to be told what to do, Be a Nehemiah in any problem situation If you cannot be the solution, do not be the problem.
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HUMILITY:

Humility and modesty are virtues Fools are arrogant The wise is humble Jesus is our example

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SPECIFIC: TEAM WORK/TEAM SPIRIT: Two are better than one: good reward for their labour (Eccl. 4: 1) Can two work together except they be agreed? (Amos 3: 3) Always remember that you are a part of the team, no matter the role you play in it, Do what is not only good for you, but also beneficial to the team as a whole
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Gods word about ethics

Work is a virtuous duty mandated by God FAITHFULNESS: Moreover, it is required in stewards that a man be found faithful DILIGENCE: Wholehearted application of mind and power Not with eye service as men pleasers but as to the Lord Consequently, idleness is viewed as a sanctionable vice
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HONESTY: Do you lie, cheat or steal on your work? (Exo. 20: 15; BIU, 2007: xii (4)) PRODUCTIVITY: Have you done enough to justify your pay? (BIU, 2007: (7); Thess. 3: 10(b)) TRUSTWORTHINESS: How dependable are you? (Titus 2: 9,10)

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FINALLY, brethren, whatsoever things are TRUE, whatsoever things are HONEST, whatsoever things are JUST, whatsoever things are LOVELY, whatsoever things are of GOOD REPORT, if there be any VIRTUE, and if there be any PRAISE, think on these things (Phil 4: 8)

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PERSONAL ETHICS CAN BE TAUGHT, BUT OFTEN THY CANNOT BE ACHIEVED IF THE PERSON HAS NO INNER DESIRE TO ACCOMPLISH THEM, PEOPLE WHO HAVE QUESTIONABLE WORK ETHICS SOMETIMES FIND THAT THEY HAVE BOTHERED CONSCIENCES, LET US RESOLVE TO HAVE THE INNER DESIRE TO ACCOMPLISH GOOD WORK ETHICS SO THAT WE DO NOT HAVE BOTHERED CONSCIENCES.
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 Lecture content

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Relevant references
Website links Books (Detailed information: Chapter No. and other relevant specification) Any others

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Conclusion/Application/future scope

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