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INTERRUPTER DESIGN
Breaker Operation
CB Operating Mechanism
Operating Mechanism
Compressed Air Open/ Close Compressed Air Open/ Spring Close Hydraulic Open/ Close Spring Open/ Close
Current interruption
Resistance Circuit
Inductance Circuit
Reactor Switching
TRV
Dielectric Strength
TRV
10%
Condition Monitoring
Timing Measurement Tan delta measurement of grading capacitors Dew point measurement of SF6 Static Contact resistance measurement DCRM with travel measurement
CONTACT RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT DURING CLOSING AND TRIPPING OPERATION. C-O DELAY TIME ABOUT 300MS. 100 AMP CURRENT IS INJECTED THROUGH CB CONTACTS. VOLTAGE DROP AND CURRENT IS MEASURED TO COMPUTE CONTACT RESISTANCE. VARIATION IN FINGER PRINT OF DCRM INDICATE PROBLEM IN ARCING AND MAIN CONTACTS.
DURING NORMAL CONTACT RESISTANCE MEASUREMSENT, HEALTHINESS OF MAIN CONTACTS IS INDICATED. Req = R*r/(R+r)= r/(1+r/R), r = MAIN CONTACT R = ARCING CONTACTS DCRM SIGNATURES/FINGER PRINTS INDICATE TRUE CONDITION OF CB ARCING CONTACTS. DCRM ALONGWITH CONTACT TRAVEL MEASUREMENT IS HELPFUL IN COMPUTING THE ARCING CONTACT LENGTHS.
While current transfers from main to arcing contacts, there is sudden increase in the dynamic resistance value resulting in the resistance peak of about 0.20 to 0.30ms width. To accurately plot this peak, we require resistance measurement/ sampling atleast once every 0.1ms. This corresponds to 10kHz sampling frequency. During Contact travel, to record travel measurements with 1mm resolution (10mm/msec), this require sampling every 0.1 ms and hence requirement of 10kHz.
Erosion of Arcing Contact Erosion of main contact Contact misalignments Contact wipe of main and arcing contact Main & arcing contact resistance Healthiness of damping system Contact travel & speed
Parameters to be monitored
Variations of Resistance values at the time of Arcing and main contact close/ trip. Insertion of Arcing contact. Insertion of Main Contact. Contact travel. Resistance during closed conditions and its comparison with static contact resistance value. Damping system healthiness
CGL
230mm/ 140mm
BHEL
ABB AREVA
242/ 130mm
200mm 180mm
54 mm
50 mm 45 mm
34 mm
20 mm 25 mm
20 mm
30 mm 20 mm
Contact speed
Sampling frequency of kit is 10kHz (min) DCRM to be taken for CO operation. CO delay time to be atleast 300 ms hence requiring plot length of about 450ms. CB flanges where Current and Voltage cables are to be connected, should be thoroughly cleaned by CTC Connection should be done only on Interrupter flanges and not on PIR or grading Capacitor flanges.
Case Study-1
400kV SF6 CB commissioned in 1997 was controlling Bus Reactor. CB had given about 8 years service with 1400 operations.
Healthy Pole
Suspected Pole
Observations
Moving Arcing contact was found de-shaped and had expanded One Counter Head Screw of Moving Main Contact assembly was found loose PTFE Nozzle of moving contact assembly found cracked. Scratch marks were also seen on Main Moving Contact
Case Study-2
This CB was commissioned in 1993 at Hissar and was controlling a Transmission Line. DCRM signatures after closing operation were not stable and wide variations were observed.
The CB was opened for internal inspection. Bearing Bush (part no. SG90011024) used for moving main contact to the operating lever had loosened This caused misalignment and subsequent damage to moving contact Finger Contact Assembly. Defective Components were replaced
Helicoil problem
Helicoil
CB 952 inspected in March,2006 at Hyderabad s/s. After rectification, DCRM of B pole CT side not alright. The Test kit was changed but same problem was indicated in DCRM. New spare pole was erected but same problem was again indicated. M/s Scope was called with new kit but problem continued ABB then brought Contact Assembly from factory and then rectified the problem.
952-B CT side
Case Study-5
Jamshedpur Substation on 26.04.2007
Travel
After lot of persuasion with CGL, Service Engineer was deputed on 23.05.2007. Following observations were found:
Actual Wipe of Contacts = 27-28mm Arcing Contacts Main Contacts = 15-17mm = 10-12mm
About 48 nos. CBs have been opened so far based on DCRM evaluations. Erosion of Contacts, Misalignment, loose connection etc. problems were observed. Timely inspection of CBs could help in rectification of CBs and hence avoiding major failures.
Conclusion
DCRM Test (non-invasive diagnosis) for CBs proved useful in indicating condition of main/ arcing contacts for erosion, misalignment and looseness etc. Prevention of Major failures by timely diagnosis Major overhauling of Interrupters/ Arcing chamber can be decided based on DCRM
AFTER 10 YEARS OF COMMISSIOINING OR AFTER 5000 OPERATIONS WHICHEVER IS EARLIER POWERGRIDS PHILOSOPHY
BASED ON EVALUATION OF CONDITION MONITORING TEST RESULTS LIKE DCRM, OPERATING TIMINGS, CONTACT TRAVEL ETC. INITIALLY, 2 NOS. CBs ARE INSPECTED/ OVERHAULED AND BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE GAINED, DECISION FOR OVERHAUL OF BALANCE CBs CAN BE TAKEN.
Dew point measurement gives dryness of SF6 gas SF6 is green house gas with 23,900 times more active than CO2 Care to be taken not to let the gas left to the atmosphere Can be measured at atmospheric pressure or at rated pressure and interpretation to be made accordingly
SOURCES OF MOISTURE IN CB
GAS HANDLING FILLING AND EMPTYING THE CB. AIR MAY BE LEFT DURING EVACUATION WHICH SHALL ADD TO IMPURITIES IN SF6 GAS. EVACUATION TO BE DONE UPTO 1 mbar (CIGREWG23) EXUDATION OF MOISTURE CONTAINED IN ORGANIC INSULATING MATERIALS. PERMEATION THROUGH SEALED SECTIONS
IF SF6 GAS CONTAINS MOISTURE, IT IS EASILY HYDRATED TO PRODUCE HIGHLY REACTIVE H2SO3 AND HF(HYDROGEN FLUORIDES).
AS THESE CHEMICALS CAUSE DEGRADATION OF INSULATION AND CORROSION IN THE INTERRUPTING CHAMBER, MONITORING OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN SF6 GAS IS VERY IMPORTANT.
Indian 400kV Transmission network has been conventionally using CBs with PIRs even for short lines. During 1994/95, failures involving PIR assemblies were encountered in POWERGRID networks on 22 nos. CBs. CB failures were critically analyzed with CB manufacturer. Defective components of PIR assembly like Pull Rod, moving contact assembly etc. were modified for enhancing reliability of CBs. PTI, USA System Studies suggested that PIR can be dispensed with for switching Transmission Lines up to 200km Length. CBs with maximum failures were attended and PIR assemblies removed from 70 nos. CBs. New CB procurement are without PIR assemblies for lines upto 200km length.
Questions?