PASSIVE SOLAR BUILDING DESIGN

PRESENTED BY:
SASMITA DAS REGD. NO.:0901109029 CIVIL BRANCH

Proposed model of passive solar system

There are 2 type of proposed model 1.glass pane model 2.trombe wall model

1.Glass pane model:

in this model solar energy passes directly into the living space through south facing windows. The floors or walls provide storage for night time heating.

 The Incidence angles of solar radiation depend upon latitude , window orientation , day of the year , time of day. This absorbed energy could be stored, transported through the envelope by conduction, transported to the interior air by convection, or transported to another area by radiation (long wave). Q si + Q r i hi A i (Ti - Ta) - A i (Ti - T) / Ri = (mc) i dTi/dt (1) The index i (i = 1, 2 11) is used to label the areas. In addition, conservation of energy for the interior air is expressed as: =111iAihi (TiTa) r (mc)a (TaT) = (mc)a dTa/dt (2) Qri = (Ji - Ti 4) i Ai / (1- i) (3)

 Where the radiosities Ji were determined from temperatures by solving: Ti 4 - Ji + (1-i)/ ( i Ai ) [(J=111jj - Ji ) Aj Fji )] = 0 (4) Equation (4) was solved by Gauss elimination for each time step. Equations 1 and 2 were numerically integrated by the first order explicit Euler method: T (t+t) T (t) + t(dT/dt) (5) The convective film coefficients are calculated by h = (k/L) C (Rayleigh number) m (6)

 This figure illustrates the measured and simulated test cell air temperatures along with the measured insulation and ambient temperature for the glass model. The mean deviation of the simulated temperatures from the measured temperatures was found to be -11C & the maximum deviation was 5.4C.

2.Trombe wall model

In trombe wall model heat transfer through the wall was by conduction with no convective mixing. Qri + (UA) c (Tr - T1) + (UA) 1 (T - T1) = (mc) 1 dTi/dt (7) Radioactive heating by the storage wall is: Qri = AT (b4 - T14) / [1/ T + (AT/A1) (1- 1)/ 1] (8) A heat balance for the living space room air yielded: hTAT (b - Tr) + (UA)c (T1 - Tr ) + (mc)r (T -Tr) + r(mc)r (T0 Tr ) = (mc)r dTr/dt (9) The average air temperature in that space was calculated as: Ts = 2 mcTr + (UA) w T + hTAT 0 (10) 2 mc + (UA) w + hT AT

 Ts = 2 mcTr + (UA) w T + hTAT 0 (10) 2 mc + (UA) w + hT AT

Conduction heat transfer through trombe wall is numerically solved by these equation

x (t + t) = x - x (t) = (1 - 2 ) x (t) + x + x (t) (11) Where = t/ x2. The mean deviation of the simulated temperatures from the measured.

CONTENTS:
Introduction About Energy (i)Energy sources (ii)Energy uses Activities for designing solar homes Passive solar building designs Principles of passive solar buildings Conclusions References

INTRODUCTION
Passive solar techniques make use of the steady supply of solar energy by means of building designs that careful balance their energy requirements with the buildings site and window orientation. The term passive indicates that no additional mechanical equipments is used other than the normal building materials. All solar gains are brought in through windows. All passive techniques use building elements such as walls, windows, floors and roofs, in addition to exterior building elements and landscaping to control heat generated by solar radiation.

Solar heating designs collect and store thermal energy from direct sunlight. Passive cooling minimizes the effects of solar radiation through shading or generating airflows with convection ventilation. The benefits of passive solar techniques include simplicity, price and the design elegance of fulfilling ones need with materials at hand.

ABOUT ENERGY
Renewable energy technologies play a very important role in reducing green house emissions in our society.

Energy sources:
-The society we live in uses energy and to run system and services depend upon energy . -Where this all this energy come from? All the energy come from natural world, so where can energy be found, and in what form? -Energy can be classified into two components. i)Renewable Energy ii)Nonrenewable Energy

1.Renewable energy
Renewable sources of energy are those which are continuously replenished by natural processes on the earth within relatively short period e.g. 24 hrs, a week or a year. Example: Solar, wind and hydro energy.

2.Nonrenewable Energy
Nonrenewable energy sources are those with finite Reserves, and are not renewed within our life times. They may take millions or billions of years to form. Example: these are fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal and nuclear fuel i.e. Uranium.

Energy uses:
Prior to Industrial Revolution; human societies are largely dependent on renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Solar energy is used to heat, cool and light homes and dry crops.

ACTIVITIES FOR DESIGNING SOLAR BULDINGS

1.Identify the Task
You are aiming to design and build a model of solar efficient house. What does this mean? What are the key features of such house? How many pepole will live in this house? Where is it to be located? What is the local climate like? What other problems do u need to think about before commencing the design?

2.Project brief
This should include the names of people in group, answer the questions above in step 1.

3.Prepare drawings
The set of drawings and plans for your house is produced. The appropriate scale and orientation at the building site is included.

4.Model
The materials and equipment we will need to construct Our model is work out.

5.Test the model

To design or carry out testing on your model , the sun or solar simulator is used and try to achieve both winter warmth and summer cooling.

6.Modify the model

On the basis of testing the model is changed to increase the performance if necessary.

7.Final testing
Modify model is tested

8.Final report
A written report that includes details of research , project brief , design, model, test activities and conclusions.

9.Presentation
Model is presented. 10.Extension activity
A number of homes in this area is visited and passive solar and energy efficient features are identified.

PASSIVE SOLAR BUILDING DESIGN

Background Information:
Passive solar homes can provide comfort with saving on energy cost. It ensures energy from the sun or controlling the entry of the sun. Buildings are designed as a combined solar collector and thermal storage facility to heat the home in winter as well as incorporating principles that stop the sun from overheating the house in summer.
These are otherwise called as energy efficient homes.

Principles of passive solar buildings

1.climatic conditions:
Local climatic conditions; such as suns varying movement during seasons; the direction of prevailing wind and temperatures and humidity must be
considered.

2.Orientation
The direction or orientation of the house will have considerable influence on its energy efficiency and comfort. To heat living areas in winter by utilizing the sun these rooms need to be placed on north wide of the home with windows allow winter sunlight into this room. Conversely the home needs to be oriented to minimize the entry of sun

3.windows;shading and ventilation

The large windows in the house should be on north side. This will allow winters sun to warm the living areas. These windows should also be protecected by using some sort of shading device. To keep out the hot summer sun also provide a correctly sized eave and verandah over the windows. Windows to the cold south side of the house should be kept minimum. West facing windows need to be shaded from sun.

4.Building materials
Heavyweight building materials such as concrete floors & brick walls can absorb winter warmth from direct sunlight. This warmth is released into the room when the sun has moved on. In summer these heavy materials absorb heat from the room & keep temperatures low and comfortable. Different colors are better absorbing the heat from the sun than others.

5.Insulation
Insulation of walls and ceilings will help prevent heat from the house in winter & entering the house in summer.

6.Landscaping
Appropriate landscaping can improve both summer and
winter conditions in home. Plants can be used to block strong winds, cool hot summer

winds, provide shade & reduce sunlight reflection.

Features such as ponds or pools on the windward side can assist with evaporative precooling.

Advantages & disadvantages:

Advantages:
(i) Saves money (ii)environmentally friendly (iii)independent/ semi-independent (iv)low/ no maintenance Disadvantages: (i)High cost of semiconducting materials (ii)High cost of energy (iii)Large area of installation (iv)Influence by presence of clouds

conclusions
The best part of passive solar building design is that they have no moving parts. They can perform effortlessly & quietly without mechanical & electrical assistance. Most design consideration can be made & implemented using standard building materials & basic construction skills. Heating bills can be reduced by as much as 40% annually & also improve comfort of living place. Simple techniques can consumed huge energy through years.