LECTURE

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

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There are three kinds of people in this world: those who make things happen, those who watch things to happen, and those, who have no idea of what happened. Anonymous

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Declaration of WHO Alma Ata, 1978

Primary Health Care is the key in achieving an acceptable level of health throughout the world in the foreseeable future as part of social development and in the spirit of social justice.

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PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Definition and Concept:

Primary Health Care is the essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation at a cost that the community can afford to maintain their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination.

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THE FOUR PILLARS ON WHICH THE ACTIONS FOR HEALTH FOR ALL MUST BE BASED: 1. Political and societal commitment and determination to move towards health for all as the main social target for the coming decades. 2. Community participation- the active involvement of people and the mobilization of societal forces for health development. 3. Inter-sector cooperation between the health sector and other development sectors such as education, communication, industry, public works, transportation and housing, and; 4. System support to ensure that the essential health care and scientifically sound affordable health technology are available to all people. 5/4/2013

OBJECTIVES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

1. To enable the people to seek better health at home, in schools, in fields and in factories. 2. To enable the people to prevent injury and diseases, instead of relying on doctors to repair damages that can be avoided. 3. To enable the people to exercise the right and responsibility in shaping the environment and bringing about conditions that make it possible and easier to live a healthy life. 4. To enable the people and exercise control in managing health and related systems and to ensure that the basic pre-requirements for health and access to health care are available to all people.
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HISTORY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

The Primary Health Care approach has been practiced in the Philippines even before 1978 when this was declared by the World Health Organization in Alma Ata.
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HISTORY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

May 1977

The 30th World Health Assembly adopted Resolution WHO 30:43

This resolution decided that the main social targets of governments and the WHO should be the attainment by all the people of the world by the Year 2000 a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life.

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HISTORY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

September 12, 1978

International Conference in Primary Health Care was held at Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR.

This conference came up with ALTA ATA DECLARATION which represents a global idea about how to achieve world health.

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HISTORY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

1979

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Strategy for Health for All.

October 19, 1979

The President of the Philippines Letter of Instruction 949 (LOI 949), mandated the adoption of PHC as an approach towards design, development and implementation of programs which focus on health development at community levels.

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GLOBAL GOAL OF PHC

HEALTH FOR ALL BY THE YEAR 2000 THROUGH SELF-RELIANCE

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PRINCIPLES & STRATEGIES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
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Remember that:

The principles are rules or standards while strategies are the methods or activities to attain the principles.

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1. Accessibility, Availability, Affordability and Acceptability of Health Services Strategies: Health services delivered where people are. Use of indigenous volunteer health worker with a ratio of 1 CHW per 10-20 household. Use of traditional (herbal) medicine together with the essential drugs.

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VOCABULARIES

INDIGENOUS originating in and characteristic of a particular region

INDIGENT lacking the necessities of life because of poverty TRADITIONAL something that is so handed down

ESSENTIAL something basic, indispensable, or necessary

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2. Provision of Quality, Basic and Essential Health Services. Strategies: Training design and curriculum-based on community needs and priorities, task analysis of Community Health Workers (CHW) are competency based. Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes (KSA) developed are on promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care. Regular monitoring and periodic evaluation of CHW performance by the community and health staff.
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3. Community Participation
Strategies: Awareness-building and consciousness-raising on health and health-related issues. Planning, Implementation, Monitoring & Evaluation (PIME) done through small group meetings (10-12 household clusters). Selection of CHWs by the community. Community building and community organizing. Formation of health committees. Establishment of a Community Health Worker Organization (CHWO) at the parish or municipal level. Mass health campaign and mobilization to combat health problems.
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VOCABULARIES

PARISH an ecclesiastical district having its own church and cleric MOBILIZATION to assemble or organize for action or use CURRICULUM the aggregate of courses of a study in a school, college, etc.
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4. Self-Reliance

Strategies: Community generates support (cash, kind, labor) for health programs. Use of local resources (human, financial, material). Training of community in leadership and management skills. Incorporation of income generating projects, cooperatives, and small-scale industries.
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5. Recognition of Interrelationship of Health and Development

Strategies: Convergence of health, food, nutrition, water, sanitation and population services. Integration of PHC into national, regional, provincial, municipal and barangay development plans. Coordination of activities with economic planning, education, agriculture, industry, housing, public works, communication and social services.
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VOCABULARIES

CONVERGENCE to tend to meet in a point or line INTEGRATION to combine to produce a whole or a larger unit COORDINATION the act of coordinating or state of being coordinated
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6. Social Mobilization

Strategies: Establishment of an effective health referral system. Multi-sectoral and Interdisciplinary linkages. Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) support using multimedia. Collaboration between GOs and NGOs.

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7. Decentralization

Strategies: Re-allocation of budgetary resources Re-orientation of health professionals on PHC. Advocacy for political will and support, from the national leadership down to the barangay level.

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VOCABULARIES

ADVOCATE a person who speaks or writes in support of a cause

ADVOCACY to support a cause or pleads for or in behalf of another DECENTRALIZATION to distribute powers or functions of a central authority throughout local, or regional divisions, branches, etc.
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RECOMMENDATIONS

All the health workers, students, and staff working in the communities must be reoriented on these principles and strategies so that they in turn can train the indigenous or volunteer community health workers to be self-reliant.

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THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

1. Education on the prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling diseases. 2. Prevention and control of local endemic diseases. 3. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition. 4. Adequate and safe supply of water and basic sanitation. 5. Maternal-child health including family planning. 6. Immunization against infectious diseases. 7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries. 8. Provision of essential drugs and herbal medicines.
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PROJECT PROPOSAL
I. II.

III.
IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
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Title Objectives Description Background Scope Duration Beneficiaries Proponent Justification Project Cost Implementation Evaluation
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EXAMPLE OF PROJECT

PROPOSAL ON HEALTH

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HEALTH PROBLEM

FLU
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PROJECT TITLE

SUGPUIN ANG TRANGKASO

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OBJECTIVES

The general objective of the project is to prevent the reoccurence of flu in the barangay. The specific objectives of the project are: a. The people will be able to seek help immediately to the health service. b. Take good care of themselves to prevent illness. c. Acquire knowledge about treating health problem like FLU.
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DESCRIPTION

The proposed project is a one-month seminar to the community people. It will be held every Saturdays of the month. This will tackle the symptoms, causes, and the management or treatment of the said health problem. The project only wants to give proper knowledge to the people of Barangay Bucal in Silang, Cavite and then, the people will be the one to make a move to prevent the reoccurrence of FLU.
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BACKGROUND

FLU, which is a health problem, will be answered by the project. People with FLU as well as their family are affected by this problem. The problem affects the lives of the people because it brought so much depression to the family of the sick person. The project was developed when the people already realized that they need to make a move to prevent the implication of the health problem.
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SCOPE

The project will be implemented in Barangay Bucal, Silang, Cavite.

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DURATION

The project is planned to be implemented for a month.

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BENEFICIARIES

All community people / families will benefit from this project.

Direct beneficiaries are those people who currently needs the help.

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PROPONENT

The FEU Nursing Students and their Clinical Instructor together with the Barangay Core Group Pang-Kalusugan, the Barangay Midwife and Barangay Health Workers will manage the project.

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JUSTIFICATION

It is necessary to solve the said felt problem immediately because somebody already died from the disease. The project will be a great help to the community people because it will give them knowledge of the possible causes, effects, prevention, control and treatment of the said health problem.
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PROJECT COST
Budget Plan: Php 200.00 = cost of materials in making visual aids Php 350.00 = cost of materials in making pamphlets Php 300.00 = cost of food for snacks
Php 750.00 = Total
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IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
DATE TIME
June 12, 2007 Sat. 1:00 to 5:00 PM

ACTIVITIES
Discussion Demonstration Others

RESOURCES
Manpower Visual

EXPECTED RESULT
Project

aids Pamphlets

is implemented within the right time frame.

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EVALUATION

The project outcome was a very successful one. The residents of Barangay Bucal partially learned the management and treatment including prevention and control of the said disease.
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TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT (TNA)

I.
II.

III.

Problem Identification Methodology of Problem & Cause Analysis Training Needs

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TRAINING DESIGN
I. II. III. IV. V.

VI.
VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.
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Title Rationale Goals Objectives Date & Time Venue Participants Resource Persons Training Costs Fund Source Training Syllabus / Module
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END
Thank You For Listening!

From: Sir Padrinao

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