Radio Frequency Identification

By Tanmoy Mukherjee ECE 4th Year, 8th Semester SKFGI

Presentation Outline
1.What is RFID? 2.How does it work? 3.Application 4.Advantages 5.Disadvantages 6.Conclusion.

WHAT IS RFID?
RFID= Radio Frequency IDentification. An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that

uses radio-frequency waves to identify objects.

Whats wrong with the Bar Code?

Line of Sight One at a time Manual Handling Limited Data

Whats Special with RFID?

No line of sight 100 IDs/sec Automatic Handling 50Kb of Data (depends on the chip)

Components of RFID
RFID TAG ANTENNA

RFID READER

How does RFID System Work?

RFID Reader

RFID Tag

RF Antenna

Network

Ethernet

Workstation

TAG

Block Diagram of a Tag

Antenna Power Supply Control Logic (Finite State machine) Memory Cells

Tx Modulator

Rx Demodulator

Tag Integrated Circuit (IC)

RFID Tags

READER
A device that is used to interrogate an Tag. Basic components are A scanning Antenna A transceiver with a decoder to interpret data

Helps to personalize & read data.

RFID readers
Reader functions:
Remotely power tags Establish a bidirectional data link Communicate with networked server(s) Can read 100-300 tags per second

Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as

Entrance/exit Point of sale

Readers can also be mobile/hand-held

Operational frequencies
Frequency Ranges Typical Max Read Range (Passive Tags) Tag Power Source Data Rate Ability to read near metal or wet surfaces LF 125 KHz
Shortest 1-12

HF 13.56 MHz
Short 2-24 Generally passive tags only, using inductive or capacitive coupling Moderate

UHF 868 - 915 MHz

Medium 1-10 Active tags with integral battery or passive tags using capacitive storage, E-field coupling Fast

Microwave 2.45 GHz & 5.8 GHz

Longest 1-15 Active tags with integral battery or passive tags using capacitive storage, E-field coupling Faster

Generally passive tags only, using inductive coupling Slower

Better Access Control & Security Identifying widgets through manufacturing processes or in harsh environments Ranch animal identification Employee IDs

Moderate

Poor

Worse

Applications

Library books Laundry identification Access Control Employee IDs

supply chain tracking Highway toll Tags

Highway toll Tags Identification of private vehicle fleets in/out of a yard or facility Asset tracking

RFID in Smart Shelf

RFID in Parking Lot

RFID in Product Tracking

Medical Field Patient Tagging

RFID in Airport

RFID In Library

ADVANTAGES
Security High speed Inventorying Faster Check-out/-in Reduce staff stress Prevent Theft Searching, notifying Gathering statistics on items become easy

DISADVANTAGES

Disadvantages

Disadvantages
RFID ATM cards, credit cards, passport, other valuable items. Skimming: Read your tag, make my own. Swapping: Replace real tags with decoys. Producing a basic RFID device is simple. A hobbyist could probably spoof most RFID devices in a weekend for under $50.

CONCLUSION
Strengths
Advanced technology Easy to use High memory capacity Small size

Weaknesses
Lack of industry and application standards High cost per unit and high RFID system integration costs Weak market understanding of the benefits of RFID technology

Opportunities

Threats

Could replace the bar code Ethical threats concerning End-user demand for RFID privacy life systems is increasing Highly fragmented competitive Huge market potential in many environment businesses