C.

R Jakobson Gymnasium

The History of the United Kingdom

by Ave Arak and Epp Jrisson Supervisors: T.Pukk and M.Maasen Viljandi 2002

Introduction
The British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years. The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers.

History
4000 - 1500 BC 1500 BC - 43 AD 43 AD - 410 AD 410 - 1066 stone age man, the first farmers, Stonehenge

the age of hill forts and the Celts Roman Britain, they came, they saw, they conquered the Romans left, the Anglo Saxons arrived, the Normans conquered

1066 - 1154 the Normans consolidate their conquest 1154 - 1485 the Middle Ages 1485 - 1603 Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and the Tudors 1603 - 1660 the divine right of kings to rule, then chop off their heads

1660 - 1715

Restoration and Revolution, the beginning of Empire

1715 - 1815
1600 - 1783 1815 - 1914

The German Georges rule Britain

Britain in North America - we would rather forget Peace and prosperity, the growth of Empire

1914 - 1918

The First World War, carnage without a cause The after effects of World War I, the General Strike World War II Post War Britain - loses an Empire, looks for the role

1918 - 1939
1939 - 1945 1945 - 2000

The Kings and Queens

Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated. Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became subject to Parliament, resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.

The best known Queen:

Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.

1533 - 1603

The best known King:

Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundred Years' War and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France. Eduard III
1312-1377

The Historical Flag

When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.

by Graham Bartram Flag adopted 1 January 1801

Flag crosses
The Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland).

The Map of UK
Here we can see all the countries of United Kingdom

The Most Important Wars

The Hundred Years War 1336-1565 Wars of the Roses 1455-1487 Civil War 1642-1645 Boer War 1901-1902 World War I 1914-1918 World War II 1939-1945

Wales
a Celtic land of mountains and coal

Northern Ireland
It is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their own future democratically. Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland.

Scotland
An English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. The Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured complete Scots independence.

England
England has always played an important role in the world economy and business.

Historical Monument
the name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England It consists of a great collection of stones

Stonehedge

The Historical Big Ben

Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks. It houses the House of Parliament.

Summary
The history has efected our lives for centuries and will continue to do the same in future. We think that England has always been rich of kings and queens who has changed the world.