Voice over IP (VoIP)

Brian Gracely
Technical Marketing Engineer

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Agenda
Why VoIP? Comparing & Understanding the VoIP Protocols - H.323 - Skinny - MGCP - SIP SIP Tutorial Sample VoIP Applications Cisco VoIP products

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Why VoIP? The Interesting Stuff

Telecommunications Act of 1996
- Deregulation of the Bell networks - Open the competitive markets for Service Providers

Converged Networks
- Voice, Video & Data over an IP network - Reduced the costs of managing parallel networks - Allows voice to be an IP application

Centralized or distributed architectures

- Add features where they are needed

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Why VoIP? The Challenging Stuff

Do we need to replicate all the existing PSTN / PBX features?
Whats the right architecture? - Centralized - Distributed - Mix of both How do we? - Provide better than PSTN QoS - Provide Admission Control - Secure the signaling & media - Meet all the regulatory requirements

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Open Packet Telephony

Open Service Application Layer
TDM/ Circuit Switch
Switching Network
Line Concentration Call Control Connection Control Features Common Channel Signaling Complex

(JAIN, AIN, TAPI, JTAPI, XML etc.)

Open/Standard Interface Open Call Control Layer

(SIP, H.323, MGCP, etc.)

Digital Trunk Subsystem

Administration Maintenance Billing

Open/Standard Interface Standards-Based Packet Infrastructure Layer

(IP, ATM)

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

AVVID Architecture Open Packet Telephony

Collaboration Intelligent ICM Contact Manager Video IP IVR, IP AA Apps Engine Voice Portal

Applications Call Processing

Cisco Unity Voice Mail, UMS

Call Processing PSTN

GK

Directory

Infrastructure

IP Network

PSTN gateways Analog phone support DSP farms

Clients
IP SoftPhone

The World Is Now Global All Apps Must Travel Time and Distance
Internet2_VoIP
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Agenda
Why VoIP? Comparing & Understanding the VoIP Protocols - H.323 - Skinny - MGCP - SIP SIP Tutorial Sample VoIP Applications Cisco VoIP products

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

VoIP Signaling Protocols

H.323 - ITU standard, ISDN-based, distributed topology - 90%+ of all Service Provider VoIP networks - The current interconnect for CallManager to Service Providers - Useful for video applications Skinny - Centralized Call-Control architecture. - CallManager controls all features. - over 700,000 IP Phones deployed MGCP - IETF RFC2705 - Centralized Call-Control Architecture - Call-Agents (MGC) & Gateways (MG) SIP - IETF RFC2543 - Distributed Call-Control - Used for more than VoIPSIMPLE: Instant Messaging / Presence
Internet2_VoIP
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic H.323 Call

Gatekeeper A
LRQ LCF ACF ACF

Gatekeeper B

RRQ/RCF
ARQ

IP Network
H.225 (Q.931) Setup

RRQ/RCF

ARQ

H.225 (Q.931) Alert and Connect

H.245

V
Gateway A Phone A

RTP

V
Gateway B Phone B

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Skinny Call

Voice Mail Server

Call Setup

Cisco CallManager
E.164 Lookup

Ring Back

IP WAN

RTP Stream

Ring
Off Hook

H.323/MGCP Gateway

PSTN

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

10

MGCP Architectures & Mixed Protocols

SCP

PSTN Gateway
BTS / VSC SS7

SIP or H.323 Network

P S T N

SIP H.323

IMT
V

GK

PSTN
PRI
V V

Access Gateway

MGCP RTP SIP / H.323

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

11

Agenda
Why VoIP? How does it work & why is it interesting? Comparing & Understanding the VoIP Protocols - H.323 - Skinny - MGCP - SIP SIP Tutorial Sample VoIP Applications Cisco VoIP products

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

12

Why are we talking about SIP?

Cisco has never met a protocol it didnt like.
- Customers havent chosen 1 protocol to define VoIP

SIP is a very Internet friendly protocol, and Cisco likes Internet friendly stuff.
- SIP reuses a lot of Internet protocols & formatting

Customers still weary about proprietary protocols.

- Skinny works well, but it is proprietary

Its about the Applications!!

- The next Killer App is the integration of voice, data, video, IM & Presence SIP can do this.

Microsoft!! 250 millions desktops might speak SIP soon.

- SIP client will be added to WindowsXP in October

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

13

The history of SIP

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is defined via RFC2543 on March 17, 1999.
Additional feature drafts have been written to address issues which concern SS7/ISUP handling, QoS, Alerting, DHCP, 3PCC, Firewalls & NAT, etc

IETF SIP-WG created in September, 1999

RFC2543bis (additions) created in April 2000. Vendor interoperability testing done at the semi-annual SIP Bakeoff (8th in August in UK)

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

14

The various flavors of SIP

RFC2543 - vanilla SIP - the most commonly deployed & developed by commercial vendors SIP-T - inter Call Agent (MGC) protocol for carrying SS7 / ISUP messaging - basically maps ISUP messaging to a MIME attachment SIP extension from PacketCable - additions to Security, QoS & Privacy areas

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

15

SIP Basics - Architecture

I N T E L L I G E N T S E R V I C E S Internet2_VoIP
3pcc
Application Services

eMail

LDAP

Oracle

XML

CPL CPL

SIP Proxy, Registrar & Redirect Servers SIP SIP SIP SIP User Agents (UA) PSTN

CAS or PRI

RTP (Media) Legacy PBX

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

16

SIP Basics - Architectural Elements

Clients: SIP Phones, Softphones, Gateways, Media Gateway Controllers, PDAs, Robots - User Agent Client (UAC) / User Agent Server (UAS) - Originate & Terminate SIP requests Typically an endpoint will have both UAC & UAS, UAC for originating requests, and UAS for terminating requests Servers: - Proxy Server - Redirect Server - Registrar Server

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

17

SIP Servers/Services (cont)

Location Database SIP Servers/ Services Where is this name/phone#? 3xx Redirection They moved, try this address

Registrar

Redirect

REGISTER Here I am

SIP Proxy
Proxied INVITE Ill handle it for you

INVITE I want to talk to another UA

SIP User Agents

SIP User Agents

SIP-GW
18

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SIP Methods
Consists of Requests and Responses Requests (unless mentioned, each has a response) REGISTER: UA registers with Registrar Server INVITE: request from a UAC to initiate a session ACK: confirms receipt of a final response to INVITE BYE: sent by either side to end a call CANCEL: sent to end a call not yet connected OPTIONS: sent to query capabilities outside of SDP Newly Adopted Methods: SUBSCRIBE & NOTIFY: used to identify device status / presence. The foundation of SIP IM / Presence (IMPP). INFO: a means of carrying data in a message body REFER: the mechanism to initiate a Transfer MESSAGE: the means of carrying data for SIP IMPP Messages contain SIP Headers and Body. Body might be SDP or an attachment or some other application
Internet2_VoIP
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

19

SIP Addressing

Modeled after mailto URLs. May be a combination of FQDNs or E.164 numbers or both. Support for Fully-Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) using sip: URLs - sip: John Doe <jdoe@cisco.com> Support for E.164 addresses sip:14085551234@gateway.com; user=phone Support for mixed addresses sip:14085551234@10.1.1.1; user=phone sip:jdoe@10.1.1.1 Support for E.164 addresses using tel: URLs - tel:14085551234

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

20

Basic SIP Call-Flow

SIP UA1 SIP UA2

INVITE w/ SDP for Media Negotiation 100 Trying 180/183 Ringing w/ SDP for Media Negotiation MEDIA 200 OK ACK MEDIA BYE 200 OK

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

21

Basic SIP Functionality Call Forking

Contact 1234@10.1.1.1, 1234@10.1.1.2 and 1234@10.1.1.3

Location Database

Where is sip:1-800-GO-CISCO@cisco.com?

INVITE sip:1234@10.1.1.1

Proxy / Redirect Server

INVITE sip:1-800-GO-CISCO@cisco.com

LOCAL PSTN

Forked Calls can be in parallel or sequential. The first phone to answer will get the call, the others will get a CANCEL from the Proxy Server.

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

22

Basic SIP Functionality Call Redirection

Where is sip:3921234@cisco.com?

Location Database
You need to contact 4721111

392-1234

Proxy / Redirect Server

INVITE sip:3921234@cisco.com 3xx Moved Contact: sip:4721111@10.1.1.3

INVITE sip:4721111@10.1.1.3

LOCAL PSTN

The user at 392-1234 informed the network that he could be reached on his cell-phone at 472-1111

National PSTN

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

23

3rd-Party Call-Control (3pcc) & Back-to-Back UserAgent (B2BUA)

A user could manage their communications via a webpage. The webpage would invoke the SIP 3PCC application to create SIP sessions to all parties involved.

HTTP post SIP Controller - 3pcc Application

x1234 LOCAL PSTN

Internet2_VoIP
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

24

Agenda
Why VoIP? How does it work & why is it interesting? Comparing & Understanding the VoIP Protocols - H.323 - Skinny - MGCP - SIP SIP Tutorial Sample VoIP Applications Cisco VoIP products

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

25

Application Engine Architecture

External Services Application Toolkit
VXML services Telephony

Packaged Solutions IP IVR Voice Portal Auto Attendant

Unity

Queuing
ICM

Directory Access

DB Access

LDAP

Notification Web Access Server

Notification Services Queuing (ACD) Personalized Apps Customer Apps

E-Mail
Internet2_VoIP

Paging

Web Pages

Enterprise Database
26

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP Phone Display Applications

IP Telephony Appliance - Corporate directory integration via LDAP - Web site integration via XML - Personalized menus via softkeys Extensible interface with IP services offers clear differentiation to PBX connected devices

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

27

Convergence:Presence Services
Managing your communications through web browsers, Instant Messaging and mobile devices

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

28

Informal Agent Queuing (IAQ)

Central Site
IAQ Server

IP

Distribution Groups with Queuing for Resources 2 Types of Queues Requestor Servicer

SoftPhone

PSTN
IP Phones

Remote Agents

Branch Agents
29

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web Attendant

Ubiquitous access via a browser Extension look-up via LDAP Easy of use with drag and drop interface Benefits: Eliminates specialized receptionist phones Access via URL Included with Call Manager 3.0(tbd)

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

30

Voice Portal Solution

IP IVR
Stock Quote IP Intranet

Extracts XML information from web page into IP IVR Benefit

Only one place to configure and maintain data

Press #1 to Hear Stock Quote

Consistency Lower admin costs

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

31

VoiceXML
Architectural Model:
VXML Interpreter Context
VXML Interpreter Implementation Platform

Document Server

VoiceXML in IOS:
PSTN

HTTP Server

Cisco Voice Gateway

Internet2_VoIP
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

RTSP Server

32

Agenda
Why VoIP? How does it work & why is it interesting? Comparing & Understanding the VoIP Protocols - H.323 - Skinny - MGCP - SIP SIP Tutorial VoIP Applications Cisco VoIP products

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

33

Cisco VoIP Products

Call-Processing
- Cisco CallManager - Multimedia Conference Mgr - H.323 Gatekeeper / Proxy - Cisco SIP Proxy Server (CSPS) - BTS10200 Softswitch - VSC3000 Softswitch

VoIP Gateways
- Low End: ATA 186, 827v4, CVA122, uBR924, 1750, VG200 - Mid Range: 3810, 2421, 2600, 3600, Cat4000, AS5300, 7200, 7500 - High End: AS5350, AS5400, Cat6000, AS5850, MGX8850

IP Phones
- 7910, 7940, 7960, 7935, Softphone

Applications
- Unity UM, Personal Assistant, Conference Connection, IP IVR, IP Contact Center, Web Attendant, XML / BTXML on IP Phones - 80+ EcoSystem partners

Cisco Infrastructure
- IOS QoS features, Line-Powered Catalyst Switches, Catalyst QoS features - Systems, Application Layer Gateway (ALG) in IOS-NAT / Firewall, PIX 2001, Cisco Inc. All rights reserved.

Internet2_VoIP

34

Questions?

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

35

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Brian Gracely - bgracely@cisco.com

Internet2_VoIP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

36

Presentation_ID

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

37