Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
N Y E R I
Peradangan
D A D A
Merokok
Dzau VJ. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1047-52 Ross, R. N Eng J Med 1999; 340: 115-126
Patel A. et al. The ADVANCE collaborative Group N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2560-72
Diabetes ? Classification of DM The Regulation and Dysregulation of Blood Glucose Clinical Features of Type I and Type DM Criteria of DM Pathophysiological Basis of the Symptoms and Signs of Diabetes Complications of DM Drugs Used in Controlling DM Evidence-based medicine on DM
Other specific types of diabetes due to other causes, e.g., genetic defects in -cell function, genetic defects in insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas (such as cystic fibrosis), and drug or chemical-induced diabetes (such as in the treatment of AIDS or after organ transplantation)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy)
American Diabetes Association 2010
1. A1C 6.5%. OR
2. FPG 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l). Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h. OR 3. Two-hour plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) during an OGTT. The test should be performed as described by the World Health Organization, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water. OR 4. In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l).
American Diabetes Association 2010
Chronic :
Macrovascular Disease (Coronary, Cerebral and Peripheral vascular disease) Microvascular Disease ( Diabetic microangiopathy) : Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Neuropathy
Insulin
Oral Antidiabetic
Antiglycemic Drugs - Metformin - Thiazolidinediones - Pioglitazone (Actos) - Rosiglitazone (Avandia) -Glucosidase Inhibitors - Acarbose (Precose) , - Miglitol (Glyset)
FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration PPG, Postprandial glucose concentration HBA1c , Glycosylated hemoglobin conc.
The Role of Amyloidogenic Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in the Pathogenesis of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Prevalence of retinopathy by deciles of the distribution of FPG, 2hrPPG and HbAlc in 40- to 74-year-old participants in the National Health and Nutritional Epidemiologic Survey (NHANES III).
x-axis ,the lower limit of each decile group. FPG=fasting plasma glucose; 2hrPG=two-hour postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c=glycosylated hemoglobin)
Pooled relative risk and risk difference (per 1000 patients over 5 years of treatment) estimates of severe hypoglycemia, by trial, early and more recent trial subgroups, and overall.ACCORD = Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (12); ADVANCE = Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (13); UKPDS = United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (8, 11); VADT = Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (14).