Philippine National AIDS Council

Session Objectives
At the end of the module, the participants should be able to:
Learn the definition of gender, sex, sexuality (GSS) and reproductive health (RH) Understand the impact of the socio-cultural environment on GSS and RH Learn about the parts and functions of the male and female sexual reproductive organs

Know the biological and psycho-social changes in ones lifetime and how to respond to these changes
Understand the link between reproductive health issues and HIV
Philippine National AIDS Council

Session Objectives

SEX

GENDER

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
2005 DOH-NASPCP

Philippine National AIDS Council

Working Definition

biological differentiation between males and females;

may also refer to the

sexual act

Philippine National AIDS Council

Working Definition

GENDER
the social roles of the male (masculine) or the female (feminine) socio-cultural expectations on how the male and the female should think, feel, & behave

Philippine National AIDS Council

Working Definition

Philippine National AIDS Council

Five Components of Sexuality

Practices
Partners

Pleasure /

Pressure / Pain Procreation

Power
Rao Gupta Source of graphic: nursing-lectures.com

Philippine National AIDS Council

Remember!

It is important to respect an individual who does not subscribe to the gender and sexual norms set by society; he/she should not be judged as immoral and abnormal.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Working Definition
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of reproductive disease or infirmity Deals with the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life
Source: ICPD Cairo, 1994

Philippine National AIDS Council

10 Elements of Reproductive Health

1. Family planning; 2. Maternal and child health and nutrition 3. Prevention and management of abortion and its complications
4. Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS, and other reproductive health conditions; 5. Education and counseling on sexuality and sexual health
Source: ICPD Cairo, 1994

Philippine National AIDS Council

10 Elements of Reproductive Health

6. Breast and reproductive tract cancers and other gynecological conditions 7. Men's reproductive health 8. Adolescent and youth health 9. Violence against women & children 10. Prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction
Source: ICPD Cairo, 1994

Philippine National AIDS Council

Male Reproductive System

Composed of erectile tissues; Organ for intercouse; May serve as entry point for HIV Passageway for sperm and urine Penis

Secretes alkaline fluid which helps In the motility of sperm Prostate gland

Urethra Where mature sperms are stored Contains the testes; regulates the Epididymis Contains twotemperature tissues essential for Sperm and testosterone production Testes Scrotum
Philippine National AIDS Council

Female Reproductive System Internal

Uterus Fallopian Tube Where the fertilized egg Pathway for the released egg; develops into a fetus Where egg may be fertilized by the sperm

Ovary

Cervix

Where egg cells develop; Vagina Produces estrogen and progesterone;

Philippine National AIDS Council

Female Reproductive System External

Clitoris Labia majora

Becomes erect during intercourse

Urethral opening Vaginal opening Labia minora

Philippine National AIDS Council

How to Take Care of Your Reproductive System

Female Regular pap smear Self-breast Exam

Male
Digital Rectal Exam Self-testicular Exam

Philippine National AIDS Council

Remember!

There is nothing shameful in learning about and understanding the parts and functions of ones reproductive system.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Understanding Sexuality
(Physiological and Psychological)

Masturbation Menopause

2005 DOH-NASPCP

Philippine National AIDS Council

The Stages of Human Sexual Development

Early Childhood (from birth to 3 yrs.)
Need for oral satisfaction
Gender identity develops Sex role conditioning

Possibility of orgasm
Body exploration
Philippine National AIDS Council

The Stages of Human Sexual Development Late Childhood (4 to 8 yrs.)

Childhood sexual play

Sex role learning

Bathroom Vocabulary Possibility of masturbation Media Influences
Philippine National AIDS Council

The Stages of Human Sexual Development

Early adolescence (9-11 yrs.)
Puberty begins

Closeness to same sex friends

Possibility of body exploration with others Media influences

Philippine National AIDS Council

The Stages of Human Sexual Development

Middle adolescence (1218 yrs.)
Greater awareness of being attracted to people of same sex, opposite, or both Possibility of sexual intercourse Strong need for independence

Philippine National AIDS Council

The Stages of Human Sexual Development

Late adolescence (18-21 yrs.)
Physical-sexual maturity Greater self-identification Movement to vocational phase of life Possibility of more sexual relationships Relationship development
Philippine National AIDS Council

Sexuality and Reproductive Health

As the changes occur to a young body that has less access to correct information, the greater her/his risk of acquiring STI, HIV&AIDS and other agerelated infections/diseases the more meager his/her chance for survival.

Philippine National AIDS Council

Gender, Sexuality and HIV

Gender and sexuality are significant factors in the sexual transmission of HIV. They also influence treatment, care, and support.
Source: Rao Gupta, 2000

realitypod.com

Philippine National AIDS Council

Factors that Determine Womens Vulnerability to HIV

Culture of silence regarding sex
The traditional norm of virginity Stigmatizing experience in trying to access treatment services for STI The motherhood ideal as a deterrent to safer sex options Womens lack of economic independence Violence against women
Source: Rao Gupta, 2000

Philippine National AIDS Council

Sex, Gender, & Sexuality should not be interchanged Sex being the physiological differentiation between males and females; Gender, the roles society assigns to men and women; and Sexuality, the total expression of a persons self-concept shaped by various factors in ones immediate surroundings that influence ones sexual development from childhood to adulthood.
Philippine National AIDS Council

Better knowledge of the human reproductive system helps us:

understand how it works protect ourselves from STIs & unplanned pregnancy practice safe sex detect abnormal growths and secretions understand the need to ensure our own reproductive health as an essential part of our overall well-being and happiness
Philippine National AIDS Council

 The power imbalance between men and women leaves women unable to negotiate for safe sex, gain access to reproductive health services, and thus more vulnerable to HIV infection (along with the children they bring into the world). This puts a heavy burden on womens reproductive health, and adversely affects the state of health of the general public and a nations socio-economic development.
Source: Rao Gupta, 2000

Philippine National AIDS Council

Philippine National AIDS Council