Derivatives: Let f(z) be a fn defined on a

set S and S contains a nbd of z0. Then

derivative of f(z) at z0, written as f ′( z0 ),

is defined by the equation
lim f ( z ) − f ( z0 )
f ′( z0 ) = ,
z → z0 z − z0
provided the limit on RHS exists.
The function f(z) is said to be
differentiable at z 0 if its derivative
at z 0 exists.

If z - z 0 = ∆z , then (1) reduces to

lim f ( z0 + ∆z ) − f ( z0 )
f ′(z 0 ) =
∆z → 0 ∆z
Qs. Differentiablity ⇒ Continuity
Continuity ⇒ / Differentiablity
Proof : Let f(z) is differentiable at z 0

lim f ( z ) − f ( z0 )
⇒ f ′( z0 ) =
z → z0 z − z0
 lim
Now [ f ( z ) − f ( z0 )]
z → z0

lim  f ( z ) − f ( z0 ) 
=  × ( z − z0 ) 
z → z0  z − z0 
 lim  f ( z ) − f ( z0 ) 
=  
z → z0  z − z0 
 lim 
× ( z − z0 ) 
 z → z 0 

= f ′( z 0 ) × 0 = 0
 lim
⇒ f ( z ) = f ( z0 )
z → z0

⇒ f ( z ) is continuous at z0
Continuity ⇒
/ Differentiability

Consider the function

f(z) = z2 = x2+y2

= u(x,y)+ i v(x,y)
 2 2
⇒ u ( x, y ) = x + y , v( x, y ) = 0.

Since u and v are continuous

everywhere, hence
f(z) is continuous everywhere
For z ≠ z 0 , we have
2 2
f(z) − f(z 0 ) z − z0 z z − z0 z0
= =
z − z0 z − z0 z − z0
z z − z z0 + z z0 − z0 z0
=
z − z0
z ( z − z0 ) + z0 ( z − z0 )
=
z − z0
 ∆z
= z + z0 . , z − z0 = ∆z
∆z
∆x − i∆y
= z + z0 .
∆x + i∆y

∆y

∆z plane c1
 lim f ( z ) − f ( z0 )
z → z0 z − z0
lim f ( z0 + ∆ z ) − f ( z0 )
=
∆z → 0 ∆z
 z + z0 along the path C1
=
 z − z only the path C
0 2
Thus, if z 0 ≠ (0,0), then

lim f ( z ) − f ( z0 )
z → z0 z − z0
is not unique.
When z 0 = (0,0), then

lim f ( z ) − f ( z0 )
= z 0 = 0.
z → z0 z − z0
⇒ f ( z ) is differentiable at the
origin and no where else.
Sec 19 : Differentiation Formula
d
1. f ′(z) = f ( z)
dz
d
2. ( c ) = 0,
dz
d
3. ( z ) = 1,
dz
4.
d n
dz
( ) n −1
z = nz ,

d d
5. ( cf ( z ) ) = c f ( z )
dz dz
 d
6. ( f(z) ± g(z)) = f ′( z ) ± g ′( z )
dz

d
7. ( f ( z ) g ( z ) ) = f ( z ) g ′( z ) + f ′( z ) g ( z )
dz
 d  f ( z) 
8.  
dz  g ( z ) 
g ( z ) f ′( z ) − g ′( z ) f ( z )
= 2
,
( g ( z ))
if g ( z ) ≠ 0
Chain Rule:
Let F(z) = g(f(z)), and assume that f(z) is

differentiable at z0 & g is differentiable at

f(z0), then F(z) is differentiable at z0 and

F ′( z0 ) = g ′( f ( z0 )) f ′( z0 )
Ex. Let w = f(z) and W = g(w)
⇒ W = F ( z ), hence by Chain rule

dW dW dw
=
dz dw dz
Q 8 : (a ) f ( z ) = z , shows that f ′(z)
does not exist at any point z.
Solution :
Let z ≠ z 0 , then
f ( z ) − f ( z0 ) z − z0 z − z0
= =
z − z0 z − z0 z − z0
 f ( z0 + ∆ z ) − f ( z0 ) ∆ z
⇒ =
∆z ∆z

∆ x − i∆ y
=
∆ x + i∆ y
 ∆y

∆z = ∆x+ ∆y
C2

∆x
C1
 lim f ( z0 + ∆z ) − f ( z0 )
∴
∆z → 0 ∆z
 1 along C1
=
− 1 along C2
⇒ f ′( z ) does not exist any where
Q.9 Let f be a function defined by
 ( z)
2
 , z≠0
 z
f ( z) = 
 0, z=0


Show that f ′(0) does NOT exist.
We have ,
lim f (0 + ∆z ) − f (0)
f ′(0) =
∆z → 0 ∆z

2
lim (∆z ) / ∆z
=
∆z → 0 ∆z
 2
lim (∆ z )
⇒ f ′(0) =
∆ z → 0 (∆ z ) 2

=
lim ( ∆ x − i∆ y )2

(∆ x, ∆ y ) → (0,0) ( ∆ x + i∆ y ) 2
  1, along real axix

⇒ f ′(0) =  1, along Im. axix
 − 1, along line ∆ y = ∆ x


Hence f ′(0) does NOT exist.