Multimedia Communications

Prof. Pallapa Venkataram, Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Objectives

To know the networking evolution.

To understand the network types. To discuss multimedia requirements in the communication systems. To understand the basics of a multimedia communication system. To illustrate multimedia networks. To know the Internet protocol suite for multimedia communications.

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Networking Infrastructure Evolution

Network deployment issues

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Network Topologies Evolution

LAN

Linear topology
Star-wired Multisegment Backbone-connected Switched-backbonet

WLAN WAN

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Multimedia Requirements

To develop schemes for multi-access networks which can provide performance guarantees. To develop a distribute route-selection strategy for point-topoint networks.

Real-time multimedia applications require guaranteed performance communication services, such as throughput, delay, delay jitter and loss rate.
The characteristics of a source, such as peak and average rate, are known at channel establishment time. Channel parameters have to be predicted in live continuous video sources.
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Communication Service for Multimedia

Quality-of-service (QoS) support and group communication system:

establishment and take-down of appropriately congured channels;

negotiation of QOS levels between end-systems, intermediate systems, and network control; and

control of the agreed QOS level

bandwidth, delay, delay jitter (variance), and reliability. Audio/Video groups can:

have static or dynamic memberships during their lifetime, have centrally (typically sender) or distributedly (typically receiver) controlled membership, consist of members with homogeneous or be heterogeneous characteristics and requirements.
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Multimedia Communication System

Communication system - A system or facility capable of providing information transfer between persons and equipment. CD-ROM: Compact disk read-only memory. Client-Server Model: A client makes a request and a server fulfills that request.

Composite Video: Analog video signals can be broken down into parts such as luminance (Black & White) and chrominance (color).

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Multimedia File types

Here are some examples of le types: Text Files: .txt, .doc, .rtf Audio Files: .au, .aif, .wav Graphic files: .jpg, .gif, .tif, .bmp, .pict, .pcx Moving video files: .qt, .mov, .avi Animation: .fli, .flc

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Multimedia Communication System

Interactive Multimedia Design

Interlacing Interleaved Linear Multimedia Non-Interactive Multimedia Nonlinear Multimedia Presentation Multimedia

Latency and Bandwidth

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Multimedia Application Environment

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Multimedia Communication System

LAN Access Method

Routing
Frame and Packet Structures Packet Discrimination Identify packets that require special handling. Be capable of accommodating those special requirements. Bandwidth Requirement, Reservation and Conservation High bandwidth and low latency

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Multimedia Communication System Architecture The ability to manage dynamically the achieved QoS of each service

component

The possibility for users to select some resources that best meet their needs.
The possibility to interact with another user whose equipment has differing characteristics.

The communications network must allow any user to select the service components he/she wants:
The possibility for users to join in or withdraw from a communication session according to certain policies, such as agreement of all interacting partners before admitting a new user. The possibility to set such quality of service parameters as the synchronization tolerance between the service components, the echo sensitivity, the burst sensitivity, and so on.

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Multimedia Networks

Technical Issues

Admission control
Scheduling Resource management Congestion control Policing/Shaping

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Multimedia Network Reference Model

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Multimedia Hardware/Software

Audio/Video Hardware

Digital Video (DV)

Analog to Digital devices Built-in Hardware Digital Video Software Multimedia Software

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Comparison of Stacks

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INTERNET

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Connection to Internet

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Multimedia Internet Protocols

Multimedia over TCP

Multimedia over UDP

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RTP

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) provides support for the transport of real-time data such as video and audio streams.
RTP needs support from lower layers that actually have control over resources in switches and routers RTP/RTCP provides functionality and control mechanisms necessary for carrying real-time content. RTP/RTCP itself is not responsible for the higher-level tasks like assembly and synchronization. These have to be done at application level.

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RTCP

Real-Time Control Protocol extends RTP In an RTP session, participants periodically send RTCP packets to convey feedback on quality of data delivery and information of membership. Packets defined for carrying control information:

SR: Sender report, for transmission and reception statistics from session participants that are active senders. RR: Receiver report, for reception statistics from session participants, that are not active senders. SDES: Source description items, including CNAME

BYE: Indicates end of participation

APP: Application specific functions
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Multimedia Internet Protocols

SAP & SDP

Peer to peer communication, the concept of session.

SIP

Signaling mechanisms that are necessary to establish a session and to negotiate the parameters to be used in it, such as codecs, media, location, etc.

MBONE Tools

SDR, VIC, VAT and RAT, WB, NTE.

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Multimedia Internet Protocols

RSVP

Network control protocol Allows data receiver to request a special end-to-end quality of service for its data flows.

RTSP

A client-server multimedia presentation protocol to enable controlled delivery of streamed multimedia data over IP network. Aims to provide the same services on streamed audio and video just as HTTP does for text and graphics.

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Multimedia Communications

High-Density File Transfers

Graphics File Transfers

Audio File Transfers Video File Transfers Audio Communication Computer-Based Telephony

Computer-Based Audio Conferencing

Streaming Audio Video Communication Video Conferencing Streaming Video
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