7.

3
Penyebaran cahaya

Penyebaran cahaya
Penyebaran cahaya ialah proses cahaya putih dipecahkan kepada juzuk juzuk warnanya yang disebut spektrum apabila prisma.

Penyebaran cahaya
Sepktrum terdiri daripada tujuh warna dalam tertib ini: merah, jingga, kuning, hijau, biru, indigo dan ungu.

Penyebaran cahaya berlaku kerana setiap juzuk warna bergerak pada kelajuan yang berlainan melalui prisma.

Penyebaran cahaya
Oleh sebab itu, cahaya cahaya berwarna dibiaskan pada sudut yang berbeza. Cahaya ungu banyak dibiaskan oleh prisma kaca berbanding dengan cahaya merah yang mempunyai panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang. Hal ini demikian, kerana cahaya ungu bergerak dengan halaju yang paling perlahan.

Light Dispersion
The seven spectral colours in order of increasing frequency are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. (ROY G BIV)

Light Dispersion
The different colours in the spectrum are actually: Lights waves of different wavelengths. Red light has the longest wavelength (panjang gelombang), violet the shortest. The shortest wavelengths are refracted more than the longer wavelengths because of the different speeds at which different wavelengths pass through the refracting medium.

Natural phenomenon of light dispersion

The Formation of Rainbow

 A rainbow can be seen during a drizzle in the morning or afternoon when sunlight shines on the raindrops.

A person can see a rainbow when his back is behind the sun.

The Formation of Rainbow

A raindrop acts as a prism. A rainbow is formed when sunlight passes through raindrops.

The sunlight is refracted and dispersed into its colour constituents

7.4 Light scattering (penyerakan

cahaya)

Light scattering
Is the reflection of light in different directions by the air molecules or by the particles in the atmosphere. The atmosphere contains gas molecules, vapour and dust. When the sunlight is blocked by the gas molecules and the tiny particles, it will be scattered.

Light scattering
Light scattering is related to light colours.

Blue light is scattered more compared to red light. This is because blue light has a shorter wavelength

Blue sky

Formation of blue sky

At noon, sunlight passes through a thin atmosphere layer. Red and orange lights which have long wavelength pass through the atmosphere directly. Blue light which has a short wavelength is scattered more in all directions. This cause the sky to appear blue.

Red sky during sunset

Formation of red sky

At sunset, sunlight passes through a thicker atmosphere layer. Red and orange lights with long wavelengths pass through the atmosphere. Both are less scattered. Consequently, red and orange lights can be observed. This cause the sky to appear red or orange at sunset.

EXERCISE SPS
7.10 Inquiry Experiment (pg 114) 7.11 Inquiry Experiment (pg 116) 7.13 Discussion Activity (pg 118)

7.10 Inquiry Experiment

Observation :
Spectrum colours Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

Analysis : 1. How does light dispersion occur?

The coloured light rays in white light move at different speeds through the prism. Thus, the coloured light rays are refracted at different angles.

Analysis : 2. What coloured light is refracted a) The most? Violet light b) The least?

Red light

Analysis : 3. Give an inference for your answer in (2)

Violet light moves the slowest whereas red light moves the faster. 4. What processes occur when a beam of light passes through a prism? Dispersion and refraction