NATURAL RESOURCES

LAND

WATER

VEGETATION

LAND
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use and Planning(NBSS&LUP)

NBSS&LUP ,Nagpur of ICAR (2005)

Sl. No Source India (Lakh Ha) Andhra Pradesh (Lakh Ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Water Erosion Wind Erosion Water logging/flooding Salinity/Alkalinity Soil acidity Complex problems Geographical Area

936.80 94.80 143 59.4 160.4 73.8 3287

115.18 Nil 18.96 5.17 9.05 1.56 275.05

Degraded area (%)

44.66

54.5

PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS(KGs/Ha)
Sl. Country/State No Paddy Wheat Maize Groundnut (In shell) Sugarcane

1
2 3 4 6 7 8

World
India Pakistan China Egypt USA Andhra Pradesh

4112
3124 3164 6265 10598 7694 3345

2804
2619 2519 4455 6455 2825 ------

4815
1938 2906 5365 7887 3629 5263

2149
859 ----3118 ----2964 1449

68257
66945 49229 82528 120887 73833 82267

(Source : From Ministry of Agriculture,GoI & Commissionerate of Agrl.A.P.,Hyd 2007-08)

Sl.No Year

Population (crores)

Gross Cropped area (million ha)

Total food grains production (million tonnes)

Per capita per day food grains requirement (grams)

Net availability of food grains per capita per day(grams) 394.9 468.7 468.8 454.8

1 2 3 4 6

1951 36.1 1961 43.92 (21.66%) 1971 54.81 (24.79%) 1981 68.43 (24.84%) 1991 84.63 (23.67%)

97.3 152.77 (57%) 165.79 (8.5%) 172.63 (4.12%) 185.74 (7.59%)

50.82 82.02 (61.39%) 108.42 (32.18%) 129.29 (19.24%) 176.39 (36.42%) 550

510.1

7
8 9

2001 102.7 (21.35%)

2011 127 (23.66%) 2021 133 (4.72%)

189.74 (2.15%)
200.90 (5.88%) 209.79 (4.42%)

195.92 (11.07%)
254.95( Required) (30.12%) 266.99( Required) (4.7%)

416.2

 Geographical area of India 3287 lakh ha

Net cultivated area : 1420 lakh ha Irrigated area Rainfed area : 570 lakh ha : 850 lakh ha

Low productivity and low input usage are two major issues confronting rainfed farming. Productivity per unit of land Productivity per unit of water are important for optimum production.

SPLASH EROSION

SHEET EROSION

GULLY EROSION

Sl.No Soil Erosion Rate (t/ha/yr)

1 2 3 4 5 0-5 5-10 10-20 20-40 40-80

Soil erosion class

Slight Moderate High Very high Severe

> 80

Very severe

ACID SOILS

SALINE SOILS

ALKALINE SOILS

RECLAMATION OF SALINE SOILS

1. Deep ploughing 2. Sanding

3. Adding gypsum
4. Adding sulfur 5. Adding organic matter
Causes : Low rainfall, high evaporation rate, poor drainage, irrigation with saline water

RECLAMATION OF ALKALINE SOILS

Application of gypsum, leaching, green manuring, straw mulching
Causes : presence of carbonates of ca, mg and na

RECLAMATION OF ACID SOILS:

Adding ground limestone (calcium carbonate) Causes : High rainfall

SHIFTING CULTIVATION

WATER
Blue water is the source of supply. It is equivalent to the natural water resources (surface and groundwater runoff). Green water is the rainwater directly used and evaporated by non-irrigated agriculture, pastures and forests

Sl.No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RICE MAIZE SOYABEAM SUGARCANE COTTON GROUNDNUT SUNFLOWER WHEAT

CROP

IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENT (MM)

300-950 400-750 500-860 1000-1500 550-950 500-550 350-500 300-450

VIRTUAL WATEER
Amount of water that is embedded in food or other products needed for its production Trade in VW allows scarce countries to import high water consuming products while exporting low water consuming products
Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 PRODUCT Potato Maize Milk Wheat Rice Soyabean VW Content (m3/ tonne ) 160 900 900 1350 3000 2300 1 kg of wheat needs 1350 litres of water. 1 kg of rice needs 3000 litres of water. 1 kg maize needs 900 litres of water. 1 cup of coffee needs 140 litres of water 1 litre of milk needs 1000 litres of water.

WATERSHED

geohydrological unit draining to a common point by a system of drains.

It is topographically delineated area draining into a single channel. It is considered as a biological, physical , economic and social system It is environmental tool for taking up development initiatives

It is a logical unit for planning optimal development of its soil, water and biomass resources.

TYPES OF WATERSHEDS

1. MACRO WATERSHED

> 50000 ha

2. SUB WATERSHED > 10000 to 50000 ha

3. MILLI WATERSHED > 1000 to 10000 ha

4. MICRO WATERSHED > 100 to 1000 ha

5. MINI WATERSHED

> 1 to 100 ha

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (Since inception to 2006-07) Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 PROGRAMME NWDPRA (1990-91) RVP&FPR (1962&81) WDPSCA(1974-75) RADAS(1985-86) WDF(1999-00) EAPs Total AREA (Lakh ha) 93.09 64.86 3.93 7.11 0.59 18.15 187.73 AMOUNT (Rs crores) 3025.56 2244.24 295.58 121.74 26.02 3967.35 9680.49

Ministry of Rural Development (Since inception upto 2006-07) Sl.No PROGRAMME AREA (Lakh ha) 137.27 AMOUNT (Rs crores) 4842.50

DPAP (1973-74) DDP (1977-78) IWDP (1988-89) EAPs

78.73

1949.88

3 4

99.56 5.0 320.56 Total

2438.15 292.67 9523.20

Ministry of Environment & Forests

Sl.No

PROGRAMME

AREA (Lakh ha)

AMOUNT (Rs crores)

NAEP(1989-90)

0.70

47.53

0.70 Total

47.53

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

(XI FYP)
Sl.No PROGRAMME AREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores)

1
2 3 4 5 6 7

NWDPRA
RVP&FPR WDPSCA RADAS WDF EAPs RADP Total

15.00
12.50 2.00 1.00 5.00 5.00 30.00 70.50

1500
1500 240 100 600 750 3300 7990

Ministry of Rural Development (XI FYP) Sl.No PROGRAMME AREA (Lakh ha) 240.00 AMOUNT (Rs crores) 15358

1 IWDP

DPAP DDP IWDP/IWMP

3 240.00 Total 15358

PLANNING COMMISSION
Sl.No PROGRAMME AREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores)

Hill Area & Westren Ghat Development Programme

10

2500

INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

National Rainfed Area Authority Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India NASC Complex, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg PUSA, New Delhi - 110012

Sl.No 1 2 3

BUDGET COMPONENT ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS MONITORING EVALUATION (I) PREPARATORY PHASE ( 1 -2 YEARS)

% OF THE BUDGET 10 1 1

4 5 6

ENTRY POINT ACTIVITIES INSTITUTION & CAPACITY BUILDING DETAILED PROJECT REPORT(DPR) (II) WATERSHED WORKS PHASE(2-3 YEARS)

4 5 1

7 8 9

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT WORKS LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES FOR THE ASSETLESS PERSONS PRODUCTION SYSTEM & MICRO ENTERPRISES (III)CONSOLIDATION PHASE(1-2 YEARS) TOTAL

50 10 13 5 100

IWMP PROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH Sl. No DISTRICT NUMBER OF MEGA WATERSHED PROJECTS 9 15 AREA (Ha) TOTAL PROJECT COST (Crores) 43.20 71.05

1 2

Adilabad Anantapur

36000 59205

3
4 5 6 7 8

Chittoor
Kadapa Khammam Kurnool Mahabubnagar Medak

9
7 2 13 16 5

38025
28000 10000 63010 64150 25300

45.63
33.60 12.00 75.61 76.98 30.36

Sl. No

DISTRICT

NUMBER OF MEGA WATERSHED PROJECTS 9 14

AREA (Ha)

TOTAL PROJECT COST (Crores) 41.40 81.12

9 10

Nalgonda Prakasam

34500 67600

11
12

Ranga Reddy
Srikakulam

7
4

28143
19508

33.77
23.41

The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased, and not impaired, in value