Introduction to Communication System

Syllabus

Composing of Communication

System

Noise in Communication System Communication Channel Electric Wave Propagation Feature in Mobile Communication

Composing of Communication System

Composing of Communication System

The usual signal sources are sound,image and data etc.The electronic signal converted from original sound,image and data is transmitted to the signal sources encoder by suitable sensors like microphone and vidicon. The signal source encoder transmits the data signal to the channel encoder after performing ADC and compressed encoding. The channel encoder can encode the digital signal properly ,such as Convolutional codes,to increase its redundancy and have the error detecting and correcting ability.Generally speaking,the signal after channel encoding is called symbol. Modulation is to modulate the symbols properly ,such as FSK and PSK etc,to some carrier with certain frequency according to the channel feature and requirement after channel encoding.

Syllabus

Composing of Communication

System

Noise in Communication System Communication Channel Electric Wave Propagation Feature in Mobile Communication

Definition and Classification of Noise

Noise is the signal that confines the ability to distinguish the useful information correctly.

External Noise
External noise comes from wireless environment such as light&thunder ,spurious ,industrial and other noise. Electromagnetism interference like Radar and communication machines etc are also external noise.

Internal Noise
Internal noise comes from the system itself,such as thermal noise generated by electrons free movement inside the electronic chips . Emission,radiance noise and the non-linear interference etc are also internal noise.

Classification of Thermal Noise

White noise-from the spectrum
The thermal noise coming from free electrons thermal movement inside the chips or conductors is called white noise.

Gauss noise-from the probability distribution of amplitude

Whats the probability density of thermal noiseThe thermal noise comes from lots of electrons free movement and every electron contributes very less,So its voltage should follow normal distribution according to Central Limit Theorem.

Syllabus

Composing of Communication

System

Noise in Communication System Communication Channel Electric Wave Propagation Feature in Mobile Communication

Free Space channelSatellite Communication

Suppose signal radiant source is a point named A and transits directional power in free space,then any point whose distance from point A is R where the power density is as followed:

Pt 2 w m 2 4R

Multi-path channel Electric wave propagates along the ground

Syllabus

Composing of Communication

System

Noise in Communication System Communication Channel Electric Wave Propagation Feature in Mobile Communication

Electric Wave Propagation Feature in Mobile Communication

Fast Fading
The receiving antenna receives not only the direct electric wave,but also the reflected wave by ground and spurious

wave.Whats more, Doppler Shift will be caused by the rapid

movement of Mobile Stations(Vehicles).All of these factors make the amplitude and phase of the signals received by MS change sharply with time(measured by ms).This phenomenon is

called fast fading or short-term fading.

Electric Wave Propagation Feature in Mobile Communication

Slow Fading
After real test, the signals average value will change slowly with time,situation and speed (measured by second)

when the signal value changes rapidly in mobile

communication .The phenomenon above is called slow fading. Slow fading occurs because electric waves propagation path and climate have changed during the movement.