Introduction to Operating System

Introduction
Watch the video carefully

System Software
System software consists of programmes that control the operations of the computer and its devices. System software serves as the interface between the user, the application software and the computer hardware.

Types Of System Software

Types Of System Software

a. Operating System b. Utility Programmes

Operating System
An operating system is the program that is loaded into the computer and coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices. It controls the hardware in the computer, peripherals, manages memory and files. It enables the user to communicate with the computer and other software.

Examples Of Operating System

Microsoft Windows Macintosh OS X

Linux

DOS

Utility Programmes
Utility programme allows user to perform maintenance-type tasks. It has been integrated into most major operating systems such as format, check and defragment disks Other examples of utility programmes are antivirus and file compression programmes

Example Of Utility Programmes

Back Up Defragmenting

Disc Clean Up

Anti Virus

Functions Of Operating System

Functions Of Operating System

1. Starting a computer 2. Providing a user interface 3. Managing data and programs 4. Managing memory

5. Configuring Devices

Starting a Computer
The first function of an operating system is to start the computer. When we start a computer, it loads the operating system into the computer's memory. This process is called booting. Booting means to load and initialize the operating system on a computer machine. It can happen in two ways: warm boot or cold boot.

Booting
WARM BOOT A warm boot means restarting a computer that is already on. It normally happens after installing a new software or hardware or after an application crashes or stops working. COLD BOOT A cold boot means starting a computer that is already off. It happens when we turn on a computer that has been completely powered off.

Providing a User Interface

This function controls how the user enters data and instruction and how information is displayed. The user interface typically enables users: - to start an application program - to manage disks and files such as formatting, copying and renaming - to shut down the computer safely by following the correct procedures

Managing Memory
optimizing the use of Random Access Memory (RAM) allocating data and instruction to an area of memory while being processed monitoring the contents of memory releasing data and instructions from being monitored in memory when the process is done.

Managing data and programs

When we start an application, the CPU loads the application from storage into memory. In the early days of personal computing, single-tasking operating systems could run only one application at a time. Multitasking operating systems enable users to work with two or more application programs at the same time.

Configuring Devices
Another function of an operating system is handling input and output, as well as enabling communication with input and output devices. Most operating systems come with drivers for popular input and output devices. These drivers install new devices and check whenever there is conflict with these devices.

Types Of User Interface

Types Of User Interface

Command-Line Menu-Driven Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Command-Line

Menu-Driven

GUI

Dos And Windows

DOS
MS-DOS is an operating system created by Microsoft in 1982 to run on X86 systems and was the dominant operating system on the market until the rise of Windows. Microsoft produced several different versions of the OS which culminated with version 6.22 in 1994, but Windows still carries an updated version of the code as its command-line interface.

Example Of DOS Display

Windows 1.0
20 November 1985 Rowland Hanson, marketing manager of Microsoft Corporation launched the "Windows". He improved ability to add MS-DOS graphical interface.

Example Of Windows Display

Activity

Class activity (Group discussion)

Students in class are divided into few groups. Students need to discuss the differences between DOS and Windows display based on the features that given by teacher. Teacher will distribute groups discussion sheet to each group. Students need to carry out the discussion in their respective group within 10 minutes. Volunteers will come in front and carry out the activity. Other students can give ideas to their friends during activity.

The Differences Between DOS And Windows Display

Disk Operating System 1. 2. 1. 2. Windows

3.

3.

The Differences Between DOS And Windows Display

Disk Operating System 1. Command-line 2. Difficult to use because it requires exact spelling, syntax or a set of rules of entering commands and punctuation. 3. Single tasking Windows 1. Icon based 2. Easy to interact with buttons, icons and other graphical objects to issue commands. 3. Multi- tasking

Characteristics Of Os Environment Based Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Characteristics Of Os Environment Based Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Graphical User Interface is an interface that combines text, graphic and icons to make software easier to be used. It I s also called user-friendly. It allows you to interact with the software using menus and visual images such as buttons, icons and other graphical objects to issue commands.

Characteristics Of Os Environment Based Graphical User Interface (GUI)

It controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information. The icons that are used represent computer resources such as files, programs and network communication.

Worksheet

Worksheet
Instructions: This worksheet contains four subjective questions. Students attempt worksheet individually within 15 minutes. Students are allowed to do discussion with their friends. After 15 minutes, students need to pass up their worksheet to teacher.

Worksheet
Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Give the definition of operating system State 3 functions of operating system Name 3 types of user interface State 2 characteristics of OS environment based Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Conclusion

Definition

Program that run the computer. Command-Line, Menu-Driven & GUI

User Interface
1. Starting a computer

OS

OS Function

2. Providing a user interface 3. Managing data and programs 4. Managing memory 5. Configuring Devices

1. User-friendly

GUI Environment

2. Interact with the software using menu, button, icon & graphic 3. control entering data & screen display 4. Icons represent computer resources

OS is very important in order to run your computer If you install useless software

How about your OS (brain) if you install useless software?

Next topic: File Management Please find some information about it.

Thats all for today