Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PSYCHOLOGY
Perception Perception takes over where sensation stops Perception is an active and constructive process of how we interpret and organize sensations How the brain interprets and makes sense of incoming messages.
John Locke: We must learn to perceive, we are born blank slates. Immanuel Kant: We are born with innate categories of thought which facilitate perception.
Perceptual Organization
Gestalt
An organized whole. Tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Organization Form Perception Form perception composed of several phenomenon Figure ground Grouping Depth Perception Perceptual constancy
Grouping Principles
Proximity: group nearby figures together Similarity: group figures that are similar Continuity: perceive continuous patterns Closure: fill in gaps Connectedness: spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Closure
Connectedness
Form Perception Grouping Gestalt grouping principles are at work here: your brain imposes a sense of wholeness that is not there.
Form Perception Grouping The whole is more than the sum of its parts.
Perceptual Organization Depth Perception Depth Perception Ability to see objects in three dimensions Allows us to judge distance
Perceptual Organization Depth Perception Binocular Cues Retinal Disparity and Convergence
Depth Perception Monocular Cues Relative Height: Higher objects seen as more distant.
-As the land gets higher vertically in the picture, we view it as further away. -Above the horizon this relationship reverses and clouds which are lower are seen as further away.
Depth Perception Monocular Cues Texture coarse --> close fine --> distant
Perceptual Constancy
We perceive Objects in our world as stable and the environment as changing rather than the reverse We perceive changes in shape, size, color, or brightness as a function of distance, lighting, or movement. Size-familiar objects retain their size regardless of distance Shape-familiar objects retain shape regardless of angle of view Brightness-familiar objects retain their color despite differing illumination
The equally spaced ticks of a clock are perceived in pairs, tick-tock. THEDOGATEMEAT Is this The dog ate meat or is it The do gate me at? When we first hear a foreign language it is really hard to hear word breaks. Gestalt principle of proximity allows Braille or Morse code to be sensible.
What you see in the center is influenced by Perceptual Set: A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
Human Factors: A branch of psychology which studies and implements the natural way to do things to make them easier for humans.