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Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics

NORPIE / 2004
June 14-16, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach
Lucian Asiminoaei, Steffan Hansen, Frede Blaabjerg
Aalborg University Institute of Energy Technology Dk-9220, Aalborg, Denmark

Danfoss Drives A/S Dk-6300, Graasten, Denmark

Presented by Lucian Asiminoaei

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

Outline
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1. Introduction 2. Harmonic Calculation Toolbox

3. Filter Description and Analysis

4. Validation of the Harmonic Toolbox 5. Design Case 6. Conclusion

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

1. Introduction
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Harmonic facts (in general)
- Continued increase of the electrical applications

- Increase of the harmonic distortion on the grid

- Harmonic limitation standards - Demands for the harmonic calculation reports in design - Assessment of the harmonic emission level - Decision to install a proper mitigation solution

Common industrial applications

- Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) - Typical front-end topology: 3-phase rectifier - Harmonic emission issues - Solutions to reduce harmonics Passive solutions Active solutions Other type of solutions

I dc Usa Usb Usc Ls I sa I sb I sc

L dc

Io Udc
Motor

C dc

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

Inverter

1. Introduction
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How to compare different mitigation solutions?
- Line-reactors, dc-link reactors

- Types of passive filters

- Multi-pulse drives

6-pulse rectifier Grid Transformer

Ldc Cdc

Comparison criteria
- Harmonic indices (ex. ih, THDi, THDv, TDD, PWHD) - Cost of the equipment and installation

- Maintenance and engineering

- Life time and failure rate

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

Generic Load

www.danfoss.com

2. Harmonic Calculation Toolbox

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The user-interface of the harmonic toolbox
Initially developed for the 6-pulse ASD with only: Line reactor (Lac)

Dc-link reactor (Ldc)

Input parameters required for the harmonic calculation

Graphical interface from the harmonic toolbox Danfoss MCT 31.

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

2. Harmonic Calculation Toolbox

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Harmonic calculation
- Different methods of modeling:

Level I Ideal
(Theoretical)

Level II Table Based

(Empirical)

Level III Analytical

(Mathematical)

Level IV Numerical
(Simulated)

Low Few

Accuracy Parameters

High Many

The characteristics of the existing toolbox

Simplicity in implementation Practical-used input parameters Not used for advanced design Provides an acceptable accuracy

-The actual goals

- Integration of the Advance Harmonic Filter

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

2. Harmonic Calculation Toolbox

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Table Based Approach

Simulations

Harmonic currents

Experiments

Toolbox Development

Analytical

Database

Toolbox Usage

Database ih

ih

Interpolation Input parameters

Empirical / Table Based Harmonic currents
Other related harmonic data vh, THDi, THDv, PF, Losses

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

3. Filter description and analysis

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Advanced Harmonic Filter
- A passive harmonic filtering solution - Dedicated for 6-pulse ASDs (Danfoss)

- Reduce the THDi:

AHF010: THDi=10%, nominal load ASD AHF005: THDi= 5%, nominal load ASD

Analysis
- Initial assumptions: sinusoidal voltages balanced system parameter linearity - Establishing the number of input parameters: ac-reactance Load
Va Vb Vc Lac Lac Lac

Principle one-line diagram of the Advance Harmonic Filter

ih(AHF+ASD)
Ldc

Advanced Harmonic Filter

D1

D3

D5

6-pulse ASD

Cload Rload

i h ( AHF ASD) f ( L ac , Rload )

- The results: Harmonic currents 6k+1, up to the 50th order

D4

D6

D2

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

3. Filter description and analysis

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Simulations
ac-reactance, Lac: 0% - 25% / ( 1% increment)
i5/i1
i11/i1 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5

Load:
10% - 160% / (20% increment)

Collecting the results

- database for each harmonic current DataBase(Lac, Load)
a)

0 0

10 15 Lac [%]

20

25

50

100 Load [%]

150

b)

Simulated harmonic currents versus load and ac-reactance Lac for the 6-pulse ASD with the AHF. a) 5th harmonic current, b) 11th harmonic current

Minimizing the database

- Dominant harmonics: 5th, 7th

4 Lac=0% 3

ih ( AHF ASD ) DataBase( Lac , Load )

- Higher Harmonics > 11th (in total: 14 harmonic currents)

Reduction 0%
i11/i1 [%]
2

4% 8% 1 12% 16% 20% 24% 0 50 100 Load [%] 150 200

ih ( Lac , Load ) DataBaseh (0, Load ) e f ( Lac )

[( x) (a x 2 b x c)] f ( Lac ) f ( x) k
a=-0.026415, b=0.58113 c=0.30377, k=15.5 Reduction 90%

Simulated and estimated 11th harmonic current from the AHF in respect to the load variation.

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

4. Validation of the toolbox

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Laboratory experiments
2 cases for validation: ASD alone

Power Supply 400 V / 50 Hz

Measured current
(a) (b)

Three phase ASD

Ls= 8 mH

Load 3 kW

ASD with AHF

Input parameters

Lac(Grid)

Cdc=200F

AHF 010
Advanced Harmonic Filter, THDi 10%

Snom=3 kW

Circuit diagram with the AHF010 connected to the ASD.

Comparison of laboratory measurements and harmonic toolbox results.

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

5. Case study
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Case study
- Water pumping station application with ASD - Only limited data are available Input parameters
Sxfr=200 kVA ex=5%, er=1% MV=10.4 kV LV=400 V Three phase ASD Cable Measurements PCC

Motor Snom=50 kVA

Circuit diagram of the water pump station.

Comparison of measurements and harmonic toolbox results.

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

5. Case study
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Possible solutions
- Intention to minimize the harmonic currents - Investigation of:

additional Lac
AHF010 (10%) AHF005 (5%)

6-pulse rectifier Grid Transformer

Ldc Cdc

Lac AHF010

AHF005

Comparisons of the harmonic indices (THDi and THDv) for the proposed solutions and the actual measurement at full load.

Toolbox harmonic results with the proposed solutions for the water pumping station. a) Harmonic currents. b) Harmonic voltages.
021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

Generic Load

5. Conclusion
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Investigation of the harmonic currents from a dedicated harmonic filter for ASD The currents are expressed as a function of 2 dependencies

ih ( AHF ASD ) f ( Lac , Load )

ih ( Lac , Load ) DataBaseh (0, Load ) e f ( Lac )

The amount of data is minimized by analytical expressions

Some initial ideal assumptions are considered

The achieved data are integrated into an existing harmonic calculation toolbox for 6-pulse ASD Comparisons between different harmonic mitigation solutions can be tested Such toolbox proves to be of practical use due to the minimum required input parameters

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com

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Thank You for Attendance!

If there are questions?

Toolbox download Danfoss VLT MCT 31 Harmonic Calculation Software

http://drives.danfoss.com/SW/DDsoftwaredownload/en

021-Evaluation of an Advanced Harmonic Filter for Adjustable Speed Drives using a Toolbox Approach NORPIE, 2004, Trondheim, Norway

www.danfoss.com