Nerve Impulse

Biology 12

Main idea:Transmission of a Nerve Impulse Is how the nervous message moves

along the length of a neuron

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Nerve impulse is An electrochemical message Created by the movement of IONS

across the cell membrane (sodium potassium)

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Transmission of a signal THINKING!!! How is a signal transmitted down/along neuron? All or None response

Think Dominoes!

Biology

2007

Nerve Impulse is. Tricky!!!!! VOCABResting Potential Action Potential Sodium & Potassium Gates (passive) Sodium &Potassium Pumps (active) Depolarization Repolarization Recovery

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Nerve Impulse Order of the Impulse

1- Resting Potential 2-Action Potential 3- Recovery

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1- Resting Potential
There is a greater concentration of sodium ions
outside the neuron & a greater concentration of potassium ions inside the neuron. Inside the neuron has a relatively negative charge. Resting potential is -65 mV Think KIN (potassium in)
K+ Na+ K+
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Na+ K+ Cl-

Na+ ClK+

Na+ K+ aa-

Na+

Na+

Na+

aa-

aa-

aa-

ClCl-

aa-

Cl-

aa- Cl-

2007

Na+

Na+

K+

Na+

Na+

1- Resting Potential Resting potential is maintained by the

sodium-potassium pumps. (active transport)

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2 Action potential
A) Depolarization - a Stimulus causes the Na+
channels to open (change in
pressure, light)
Na+ ions diffuses into cell

pH, electric shock,

charges reverse at that point on neuron cell becomes depolarized (+ 40 mV)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Na+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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How does a nerve impulse travel? Wave: nerve impulse travels down neuron

change in charge opens other Na+ gates in next section of cell voltage-gated channels Na+ ions continue to move into cell wave moves down neuron = action potential

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Na+

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wave

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

2- Action Potential
B) Repolarization: K+ channels open up

K+ ions diffuse out of cell Restoration of the same potential as resting (- 65 mV) Causes the channels to close behind impulse
K+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Na+

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wave

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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3- Recovery
After firing a neuron has to re-set itself

Na+ needs to move back out K+ needs to move back in Sodium Potassium pumps work to re-establish the ion distribution of resting potential
Na+ + Na+ + K K Na+ Na+ Na+ K+

K+ + Na

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Na
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Na+

+Na + Na Na

Na+

wave

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Na+ + +K K+

Na+ K+ K+ + + + + + Na K K Na K

Na+

Na+ K+

2007

Neuron is ready to fire again!!!

Na+ K+ aaK+ Na+ Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+
K+ K+

Na+

Na+
K+ aaNa+

Na+

Na+

Na+ aa-

Na+

Na+

Na+

aa-

aa-

K+ K+ Na+ Na+

K+ aa- K+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

Na+

resting potential (- 65 mV)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Action potential - all together!

1. 2. 3. 4.
Resting potential Stimulus reaches threshold potential Na+ channels open; K+ channels closed Na+ channels close; K+ channels open Recovery - Na+ / K+ pumps

5.

Biology

2007

Myelin sheath
Schwann cells
signal direction

insulate neuron (Na+ / K+ cannot

enter cell) Na+ / K+ can only enter at the nodes of ranvier

Increase speed of impulse

signal hops from node to node

150m/sec (330mi/hr) (vs. 5m/sec)

myelin sheath
Biology
2007

Multiple Sclerosis T cells attack myelin sheath loss of signal

Biology

2007