Probability in Sampling

Key Concepts
 Statistical
terms in sampling
 Sampling error

 The sampling distribution

Statistical Terms in Sampling
Variable
Statistical Terms in Sampling
Variable 1 2 3 4 5

Self-esteem
Statistical Terms in Sampling
Variable 1 2 3 4 5

Self-esteem

Statistic
Statistical Terms in Sampling
1 2 3 4 5
Variable
Self-esteem

Statistic Average = 3.72

Sample
Statistical Terms in Sampling
Variable 1 2 3 4 5

Self-esteem

Statistic Average = 3.72

Sample

Parameter
Statistical Terms in Sampling
Variable 1 2 3 4 5

Self-esteem

Statistic Average = 3.72

Sample

Parameter Average = 3.75

Population
 Sampling Error
The population has
a mean of 3.75.
150

100
Frequency

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Self-esteem
 Sampling Error
The population has
a mean of 3.75...
150

...and a
100
standard
Frequency

error of .25.
50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Self-esteem
 Sampling Error
The population has
a mean of 3.75...
150

...and a
100
standard
Frequency

error of .25.
F

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

This means that... Self-esteem

 Sampling Error
The population has
a mean of 3.75...
150

...and a
100
standard
Frequency

error of .25.
50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

This means that... Self-esteem

about 64% of cases fall between 3.5 - 4.0.

 Sampling Error
The population has
a mean of 3.75...
150

...and a
100
standard
Frequency

error of .25.
50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

This means... Self-esteem

About 64% of cases fall between 3.5 - 4.0.

About 95% of cases fall between 3.25 - 4.25.
 Sampling Error
The population has
a mean of 3.75...
150

...and a
100
standard
Frequency

error of .25.
50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

This means Self esteem

About 64% of cases fall between 3.5 - 4.0.

About 95% of cases fall between 3.25 - 4.25.
about 99% of cases fall between 3.0 - 4.5
 Sampling Error
The sample of 1000
has a mean of 3.74
150 and a standard error
of .0074.
Frequency

100

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Self-esteem

The standard error is called the sampling error.

 Sampling Error
The sample of 1000
has a mean of 3.74
150 and a standard error
of .0074.
100
Frequency

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Self-esteem

The sampling error shows that the odds are .95 that
the population mean is 3.74 + 2(.0074).
 Sampling Error
The sample of 1000
has a mean of 3.74
150 and a standard error
of .0074.
100
Frequency

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Confidence level
Self-esteem

The sampling error shows that the odds are .95 that
the population mean is 3.74 + 2(.0074).
 Sampling Error
The sample of 1000
has a mean of 3.74
150 and a standard error
of .0074.
100
Frequency

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Confidence interval
Self-esteem

The sampling error shows that the odds are .95 that
the population mean is 3.74 + 2(.0074).
The Sampling Distribution
Sample Sample Sample
The Sampling Distribution
Sample Sample
Sample
5
5
5

0
0
0

5
5
5

0
0
0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4
The Sampling Distribution
Sample Sample Sample
5 5 5

0 0 0

5 5 5

0 0 0

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

Average Average Average

 The Sampling Distribution

Sample Sample Sample

5 5
5

0 0
0

5 5
5

0 0
0
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

Average Average Average

15

10
...is the distribution
The sampling of a statistic across
distribution...
5
an infinite number
0 of samples.
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4