CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGING

2008 PICE NATIONAL CONVENTION CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGING

Henry P. Turalde
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges PICE Iriga - Rinconada Chapter

Presentation Outline

Introduction Site Limitation Utilities Safety Traffic Control Access to Work Impacts During Construction Nature Protection Conclusion

Quotable Quotes
A mans judgment is no better than his information

- Bits and Pieces

Introduction
Every project is

unique, and so, poses unique problems that require special details for its resolve.

Introduction
Every project is

unique, and so, poses unique problems that require special details for its resolve.

Introduction
To avoid potential

troubles during construction, constructors have to work on the solutions before the problem comes. With future events unknown, that is easier said than done.

Construction Staging
Construction staging is the logistics of space

allocation for equipment movements and materials storage, worksite access, temporary works, provisions for construction work requirements, including the schematic organization of the staging areas.

Construction staging involves strategically dividing the whole area into different parts, treating each part as one separate job site, as in first phase, second phase and so on.

Construction activities progress from one part to the next, and then to the next, until all parts or phases have been completed

In urbanized area or existing facility, construction staging involves enclosing specific areas while undergoing operations and shifting enclosure as work progresses.

Construction staging needs planning of the combinations of various construction elements procedures, methods, equipments, technology and available space for each phase.

Construction Staging
The important factors in planning the

construction staging are:

S U S T A I N
S- site limitations U- utilities S- safety T- traffic control A- access to work area I - impacts during construction N- nature protection

S - Site limitations
Existing Site Condition

Terrain and landscape affects the movement, supply and transport of materials and workers. Residents in the vicinity can be source of labor. Trees, soil, ground and natural environ can be source of materials. Its climatic condition may influence critical scheduling as storm occurrence can cause flooding.

S - Site limitations
Existing structures and underground utilities

Existing buildings & structures, utilities within project site including power lines, pipelines, buried cables and sewers. Existence can delay the work:
Block the movement of workers, equipments & materials Block the line of sight of the surveying equipments May conflict with new project May require revision of project design or relocation of the existing utilities

S - Site limitations
Space Allocation
Staging Area A designated area where vehicles, supplies and equipments are positioned for access to construction site.

S - Site limitations
Space Allocation

Temporary Works
Towers, trestles, scaffolds and temporary structures The stability and reliability of the temporary works is the bottom line of the quality of the finish work. Once done, immediately dismantled to give way to other necessities.

S - Site limitations
Space Allocation
Site Office and Other Requirements

Whenever possible, provision on site for field offices, toilets, shower rooms, mess hall and rest rooms including sleeping quarters shall be provided on site or in the neighborhood. This can save transportation time and cost.

S - Site limitations
Space Allocation
Space Allocation for Waste: Appropriate stockpile size and location will facilitate activities, reduce damage to sensitive areas. Orderliness and safety of the site, the quality of the work finish are directly related to waste management.

U - Utilities
Construction staging plan should consider essential utility needs for the project: Energy Requirements Water Requirements Drainage Requirements Communications

U - Utilities
Energy Requirements
In construction, energy is a

primary commodity. Without sufficient energy supply, project can not progress as intended. Construction staging should consider power and energy requirement on site, hourly fuel demand of the mobile equipments and vehicles, power demand of the tools and machines in the yard, and others.

U - Utilities
Water Requirements
Water supply is a very important

commodity in the construction site. Water is used in the concrete works, earthworks, washing and sanitary facilities. Construction staging should consider the details of water supply scheme, including its hourly supply and demand inventory.

U - Utilities
Drainage Requirements
Drainage provision should be

considered particularly when there is dewatering operation. Improper sewerage system can create chaos in the community. With field offices and quarters, drainage system is important. In the absence of a proper drainage system in the area, portable sanitary facilities maybe employed.

U - Utilities
Communications
Communication facility is also

a basic necessity in the construction site. The choice of system the site would use may depend on the type of works involved in the project.

S - Safety
Construction staging should

always consider safety in every activity. In a construction site involving various workers with diverse activities, materials, tools and equipments; the work place itself is a potential hazard.

S - Safety
Accidents

can delay, demobilize, demoralize and degrade construction projects.

Murphys Law: Left to themselves, things tend to go from bad to worse.

Hence, a construction site has the normal tendency to become 4Ds:

dirty disorderly dense (crowded)

and dangerous

Practical Ways to keep Construction Site from becoming 4Ds:

5Ss of Good Housekeeping: Sort (arrange) Systematize (organize) Sweep (clean) Sanitize (free from dirt and germs) Self-discipline (practice consistently)

Hierarchy of Safety:
1. ELIMINATE the hazard

2. If not practical, PREVENT

3. If not practical, CONTROL

Three areas where hazards can be controlled:

1. (Pre-contact) Engineering Control : Elimination/minimization Enclosure of the hazard Redirection of hazard

SOURCE
2.

PATH
Administrative Control: Exposure time limitations Safe work practices Alarms and warning signs Training and education

RECEIVER
3. (Point of contact) Personal Protective Equipment Last line of control/defense

Engineering Controls
If . . .The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to existing and potential hazard, Then . . .The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control

Administrative Controls
If . . .The way employees do the job can be changed, and exposure to potential hazard is removed,

& others

Then . . .The hazard can be eliminated with administrative control

S - Safety
Summary of PPEs for the safety of construction personnel: Head protection hard hat, bump cap; Eye and face protection safety glasses, safety goggles, face shields; Ear protection ear plug, ear muffs, canal caps; Respiratory protection filtration respirator, air-purifying respirator, air-supplying respirator; Hand and arm protection gloves, hand pads, sleeves; Foot and leg protection foot guards, safety shoes, boots, leggings; Fall protection safety belts, safety harness, lanyards; Torso or body protection vests, jackets, aprons, cover-alls, fullbody suits.

S - Safety
Basic requirements to effectively promote safety in a job site (acronym: SAFE ESCAPE):
Safety personnel Ample lighting Fire protection system Electrical hazards checked Efficient material storage Structural soundness Controlled access Adequate ventilation Personal protective equipment (PPE) Excellent housekeeping

T - Traffic control
Construction activities

within a transportation facility area would result to traffic disruption. Construction staging must prepare a traffic flow scheme for the immediate relief of vehicles traveling the area during the execution period.

T - Traffic control
Alternative route or

traffic diversion route must be provided using standard traffic engineering system.

T - Traffic control
Ineffective traffic

control scheme would result to encroachment of traffic to the work site, causing delay to operations, or effecting damage to finished works.

A - Access to work area

Access to work area is a basic requirement.

Controlled access to delicate job or restricted area is

a major concern. Site access should include access road to the area, ingress and egress, and probably, isolation of some specific work areas.

A - Access to work area

ACCESS ROAD
Temporary access road

need to be constructed to transport materials, equipment and personnel to the work area. Access roads should be properly maintained throughout the duration of the project.

A - Access to work area

INGRESS AND EGRESS Controlling entrance and exit of a construction area is not only for safety and security, but also for resource and quality management. The site that is protected from external influence is cleaner, more orderly and undisturbed. Intrusion to job site may disturb the delicate setting of materials (e.g., concrete, tiles) and the quality of finish (e.g., painting).

I - Impacts during construction

One of the most

crucial concerns in the construction site are the impacts during construction operation particularly when massive earthworks and heavily powered equipments are involved.

I - Impacts during construction

DISRUPTION OF PEDESTRIAN ACCESS The disruption of a pedestrian access route, may create severe impact to pedestrians. Whenever a pedestrian access route is blocked by the project, an alternate circulation path shall be provided as long as safety warrants.

I - Impacts during construction

CONSTRUCTION NOISE

Controlling construction

noise can pose special problems for contractors. Construction noise makers can move from one location to another and vary in its intensity throughout the work day.

I - Impacts during construction

Construction noise can be controlled, as follows:

Incorporate noise control

in all phases of project planning and design, Buy Quiet Rent Quiet Equipment maintenance, Barrier protection, Work activity scheduling, Work quiet awareness.

I - Impacts during construction

Noise
When its not feasible to reduce the noise or its duration use ear protective devices such as ear plug, ear muffs, canal caps or others.

I - Impacts during construction

CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION Construction activities cause varying degrees of ground vibration. Buildings and structures in the vicinity may react to vibration. Work which employs equipment that generate serious vibration impact must be used with extra care.

I - Impacts during construction

CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION Vibration effects can range from causing annoyance to people inside the buildings, to minor (cosmetic) damage to walls and ceilings, to major structural damage. Special care to old buildings close to the site must be observed.

I - Impacts during construction

Construction Vibration Mitigation
Design considerations and project lay-out:

Route heavily loaded trucks away from residential streets. Operate earthmoving equipment on the construction lot as far away from vibration-sensitive sites . Sequence of operations: Phase demolition, earthmoving and ground-impact operations so as not to occur in the same time period. Avoid night time activities. Alternative construction method: Avoid impact pile driving in vibration-sensitive areas. Select demolition methods not involving impact. Avoid vibratory rollers and packers near sensitive areas.

I - Impacts during construction

DUST Common to construction site is the presence of dust. Also common to construction site is exposed soil. When wind picks up the dry exposed soil and carries it off, dust become airborne. Dust can cause the following:

create health problems degrade the environment create problems with visibility damage or dirty property create unsafe working conditions

Dust Control Measures Dust prevention for construction activities generally seek to minimize soil disturbance and eradication of loose soil fines or uncovered earth surface by the following manner:

Minimize disturbed surface by reducing excavation size or number. Limit dusty work on windy day. Pave haul road and storage areas. If costly, pave just the entrance/exit, then gravel the remainder. Water or sweep the roadway often. Limit driving speed on unpaved surfaces to 15 kph. Prevent transport of dusty materials by rinsing vehicles and tightly covering loaded trucks. Enclose storage and handling areas. Keep storage piles covered when not in use. Limit the working face of the pile to the downwind side. Clean up dusty spills immediately.

N - Nature protection
As part of construction planning, detailed construction staging should be sequentially prepared incorporating the environmental protection requirements.

N - Nature protection
Construction staging can ensure that all land used for quarrying activity is restored to its equivalent condition or better than the original condition before the commencement of the operations.

N - Nature protection
Construction staging can prevent disturbance of vegetation or cause rehabilitation of disturbed vegetation.

N - Nature protection
Construction staging plan can avoid pollution of the air, thwart the contamination of water resources and cause an effective waste disposal in the construction area and its periphery.

Conclusion
Construction staging is crucial

in the over-all performance of the construction operations. It is as important as the construction work itself. Most of the construction-related problems in project execution are direct or indirect result of insufficient consideration of the important elements in planning the construction staging.

Conclusion
The important factors in planning the

construction staging are:

S U S T A I N
S- site limitations U- utilities S- safety T- traffic control A- access to work area I - impacts during construction N- nature protection

POINTS TO PONDER:
WHEN SOMETHING GOES WRONG, ITS MORE IMPORTANT TO DECIDE WHOS GOING TO FIX IT THAN WHOS GOING TO BLAME.
- Anonymous

THANK YOU.