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The Psychology of
We
cannot think, feel, will, or act without the perception of some goal. . . . All activity would persist in the stage of uncontrolled groupings; the economy visible in our psychic life unattained.
Alfred Adler
Goals
are the guides that direct all nonreflexive and non-accidental human responding.
Human response
reflexive
Goals, as mental representations that are linked to cues in the environment, connect the person to the situation through specifying desirability (affect and value) and feasibility (efficacy and opportunity). Goals provide the person with meaning and a sense of having control over his/her environment. Goals connect the wants of the person to instrumental activity (cognitive and behavioral activity), directing his/her commerce with the world. Goals have consequences that do not require consciousness of either the goal or the consequencesone need not experience a sense of being willful.
Is So Special (and Non-special) about Goals?: A View from the Cognitive Perspective Goals in the Context of the Hierarchical Model of ApproachAvoidance Motivation Goal Content Theories: Why Differences in What We Are Striving for Matter The Neuroscience of Goal Pursuit: Bridging Gaps between Theory and Data The Selfish Goal
Setting How Does Our Unconscious Know What We Want?: The Role of Affect in Goal Representations Goal Priming Moments of Motivation: Margins of Opportunity in Managing the Efficacy, Need, and Transitions of Striving
Resource Depletion: A Model for Understanding the Limited Nature of Goal Pursuit Goals and (Implicit) Attitudes: A SocialCognitive Perspective Mystery Moods: Their Origins and Consequences Regulatory Fit in the Goal-Pursuit Process