INTRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF GPS BASIC CONCEPTS OF GPS POSITION AND TIME CALCULATION ERRORS THREATS APPLICATIONS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space based global navigation satellite system(GNSS) that provides location and time information anywhere on or near the earth.

Created and realized by USDOD.

Launched in 1978 and started with 24 satellites in1980. Became fully operational for civilians in 1994.

It consists of three segments:

Space Segment Control Segment User Segment

US airforce develops,maintains and operates space and control segment.

24 to 32 satellites
6 planes with 55 Inclination with equatorial plane Each plane has 4 or 5 satellites repeats almost same tracks Orbital radius of 26,600 km 20,200 km altitude 1 revolution in approximately 12 hrs

Consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world. It is composed of master control station, alternate master control station, dedicated ground antennas, dedicated monitor station These stations receives signals from sves.

US Space Command

Cape Canaveral Hawaii Kwajalein Atoll Ascension Is. Diego Garcia

Master Control Station Monitor Station Ground Antenna

User segment consist of receivers, which you can hold in your hand or mount in your path. GPS receivers are composed of an antenna, tuned to the frequencies transmitted by the satellites, receiverprocessor, a highly stable clock and a display for location and speed.

Space Segment

User Segment Control Segment Ground Antennas

Master Station

Monitor Stations

GPS receives its position by timing the signals sent by GPS satellites above the earth. Transmitted message includes 1.time 2.precise orbital information 3.system health and rough orbits of all GPS satellites.

Signal leaves satellite at time T

Signal is picked up by + 3 the receiver at time T + 3 Distance between satellite and receiver = 3 times the speed of light

5 miles

Fire Station

Library

Fire Station

Library

The receiver is somewhere on this sphere.

Errors can be categorized as intentional and unintentional.

Government can degrade accuracy of GPS measurements. Policy of inserting inaccuracies in GPS signals is called Selective Ability (SA). SA was single biggest source of inaccuracy in GPS. SA was deactivated in 2000.

Satellite Clocks error Receiver clock error Orbit Errors Ionosphere Troposphere Multipath

Earths Atmosphere

Solid Structures

Metal

Electro-magnetic Fields

In January ,2011, a wireless broadband network by VIRGINIA COMPANY LIGHT SQUARED to be operational in 92% of the united states by 2015. Aviation magazine reports :latest testing confirms significant jamming of GPS by LSS.

For civilians- cellular telephony, disaster relief, geofencing, geotagging, tracking, GPS tours, maps,robotics etc Military-target tracking, search and resque, projectile guidance, navigation