PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

DR ASHOK SINGHAL

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT BY HENRY FAYOL

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.
7.

Division of work Authority and responsibility Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Centralization of authority Scalar chain

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Order (for everything and every person) Remuneration Stability of tenure Delegation of authority Initiative Subordination of individual interest to organizational interest Equity

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT

Def: The process composed of the set of interrelated social and technical functions and activities occuring within a formal organisational set for the purpose of accomplishing pre determined objectives through utilisation of human and other resources.

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

Planning Organising Staffing Co coordinating & controlling Directing & decision making Motivating Evaluation or review

PLANNING

Purpose: Efficient utilisatilisation of resources and economy of performance. Types Strategic Operational Long term & short term Elements Start from top. Targets/ objectives clearly defined. Flexible Implementable Evaluable

PLANNING (STEP BY STEP APPROACH)

Analysis of the situation Identify & prioritize the problem Formulating objectives Setting goals Reviewing limitations / constraints Laying down operational policy and systems Writing down the plan including human resource & financial requirements.

ORGANISING
Formal grouping of people and activities to achieve desired objectives. Elements: Type of organization Departmentation of organization Staffing Establishment of authority &responsibility, Hierarchy & scalar principle. Work process flow, work methods & procedures. Job design

ORGANISING CONTD

Degree of centralization & decentralization Levels of management Span of control Delegation of authority Unity of command Line & staff relationship Co ordination of its components & monitoring

ORGANISATIONAL HIERARCHY PYRAMID

TOP MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

SUPERVISORS

LINE WORKERS

STAFFING

Acquiring & retaining Human Resource 2 Aspects:

TECHNICAL -MANPOWER PLANNING -JOB ANALYSIS -RECRUITMENT -TESTING -SELECTION -PERF. APRAISAL -COMPENSATION - BENEFITS -SAFETY &HEALTH SOCIAL

-INFLUENCING BEHAVIOUR &PERFOR -TRAINIG & DEVP. -PROMOTIONS -COUNSELLING -DISCIPLINE

CONTROLLING

1. 2.

Process by which managers ensure that resources are used effectively & efficiently in accomplishment of an organisations objectives. Pre requisite: Plans are complete along with standards and measures of performance. Organization structure.

CONTROL PROCESS
1. 2. 3. 1.

2.
3.

Establishing standards. Measurement of performance. Correction of deviations It measures: Physical quantities Monetary results Evaluate intangibles

CONTROL TECHNIQUES
1. 2. 3. 4.

Budget Statistical data Break even analysis PERT/CPM

DIRECTING AND LEADING

Direction-synchronizes activities and maintain momentum towards desired goals. Factors: Delegation Communication In service training Motivation

BASIC LEADERSHIP STYLE

Directing Coaching Supporting Delegating

DECISION MAKING

Selection from among alternatives of a course of action.. All managerial decision making, necessarily to be goal oriented Factors in developing alternative:

A. Creativity B. Effective use of groups

MINTZBERG- 3 PHS OF DECISION MAKING

PHASE 1 IDENTIFICATION
RECOGNITION DIAGNOSIS

PHASE 2 DEVELOPMENT
SEARCH DESIGN

PHASE 3 SELECTION
JUDGEMENT ANALYSIS BARGAINING AUTHORISATION

MOTIVATION

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
SELF ACTUALISATION

HIGHER ORDER NEEDS

ESTEEM AND STATUS NEEDS AFFECTION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY NEEDS

SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS LOWER ORDER NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION

By formal control Informal organization and group dynamics Internal sources of control

Thank you