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Chapter 7
7.1
Objectives
1. Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems?
2. How does a database management system help businesses improve the organization of their information?
7.2
Objectives
3. How do the principal types of database models affect the way businesses can access and use information? 4. What are the managerial and organizational requirements of a database environment? 5. What new tools and technologies can make databases more accessible and useful?
7.3
Management Challenges
7.4
7.5
Database: Group of related files Entity: Person, place, thing, or event about which information must be kept
7.6
Figure 7-1
7.7 2005 by Prentice Hall
Figure 7-2
7.8 2005 by Prentice Hall
Data redundancy
Program-data dependence Lack of flexibility Poor security Lack of data-sharing and availability
7.9
Figure 7-3
7.10 2005 by Prentice Hall
Database
Collection of centralized data
7.11
Figure 7-4
7.12 2005 by Prentice Hall
7.13
2. Data manipulation language: For extracting data from database, e.g. SQL
3. Data dictionary: Tool for storing, organizing definitions of data elements and data characteristics
7.14
Figure 7-5
7.15 2005 by Prentice Hall
7.16
Relational DBMS
Represents data as two-dimensional tables called relations Relates data across tables based on common data element Examples: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL Server
7.17
Figure 7-6
7.18 2005 by Prentice Hall
Project: Enables users to create new tables containing only relevant information
7.19
Figure 7-7
7.20 2005 by Prentice Hall
Hierarchical DBMS
Older system presenting data in tree-like structure Models one-to-many parent-child relationships Found in large legacy systems requiring intensive highvolume transactions: Banks; insurance companies
7.21
Figure 7-8
7.22 2005 by Prentice Hall
Network DBMS
Older logical database model
7.23
Figure 7-9
7.24 2005 by Prentice Hall
7.25
7.26
Distributed Database
Partitioned or replicated to more than one location Increases service and responsiveness Reduces vulnerability of single, massive central site Depend on telecommunication lines Pose security risks through distribution of sensitive data Central data must be updated or justified with local data
7.27
Figure 7-13
7.28 2005 by Prentice Hall
Database Trends
Multidimensional Data Analysis
7.29
Database Trends
Multidimensional data model
Figure 7-15
7.30 2005 by Prentice Hall
Database Trends
Data Warehouses and Datamining
Data warehouse: Stores current and historical data for reporting, analysis
Data mart: Subset of data warehouse with summary of data for specific users Datamining: Techniques to find hidden patterns, relationships in large pools of data to infer rules for predicting future trends
7.31
Database Trends
Components of a data warehouse
Figure 7-16
7.32 2005 by Prentice Hall
Database Trends
Data Warehouses and Datamining
7.33
Database Trends
Data Warehouses and Datamining
Hypermedia database
Organizes data as network of nodes Links nodes in pattern specified by user Supports text, graphic, sound, video and executable programs
7.34
Database Trends
A hypermedia database
Figure 7-17
7.35 2005 by Prentice Hall
Database Trends
Databases and the Web
Middleware:
Works between Web server and DBMS to take requests Handles connectivity to database Can be application server or CGI scripts
7.36
Database Trends
Linking internal databases to the Web
Figure 7-18
7.37 2005 by Prentice Hall
Database Trends
Databases and the Web
7.38