Properties of Matter

Physical Properties of Matter

any property that can be observed without transforming the substance into another substance States of Matter

Physical Properties
What are some physical properties? color melting and boiling point odor mass, color, freezing point

Physical Changes
A change that does not transform the substance into another substance Some physical changes would be:
boiling melting subliming dissolving NaCl into water

Chemical Properties
any property that cannot be studied without transforming the substance into a different substance iron rusts, paper burns

Chemical Changes
Chemical change change that transforms one substance into another substance
Example- Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.

Sure Signs of a Chemical Change

Heat Light Gas Produced (not from boiling!) Precipitate a solid formed by mixing two liquids together Burning Oxidation of metal, ex. rusting

Physical or Chemical?
Examples:
melting point Flash point Vaporising Condensation physical chemical physical physical chemical

Change color

Physical vs. Chemical

Examples:
rusting iron? dissolving in water? burning a log? melting ice?

grinding spices?

Most Common States (or Phases) of Matter

a) solid (definite shape and volume) b) liquid (definite volume, no definite shape) c) gas (no definite shape or volume)

Solids
Key Concept: The fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume
A solid is a kind of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. Your pencil is a solid. The shape and volume of your pencil will not change if you move the pencil from place to place.

 The different elements and compounds that make up matter can be called particles. The particles of a solid are packed closely together. The particles of a solid cannot move from their spot within the solid. However, the particles can move slightly back and forth in place.

What a solid looks like at particle form

Questions!!!
1. Is the following sentence true or false? The particles that make up a solid do not move at all. ___________________
Answer: False, particles do move slightly from side to side.

2. The picture shows two containers with particles of a kind of matter in each. Circle the letter of the container that shows how the particles of a solid are arranged.

Liquids
Key Concept: Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape. However, a liquid does have a definite volume.
A liquid is a kind of matter that has a fixed volume. However, the shape of a liquid changes with the shape of its container.

 Water is a liquid. As you pour water from one cup to another, the shape of the water changes to match the shape of the cup. The volume of the water stays the same.
The particles of a liquid are packed closely together. However, these particles can move away from their spots.

What a Liquid looks like at the particle level

Questions
3. What are the characteristics of a liquid?
Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape, but it does have a definite volume.

4. volume shape particles

a. A liquid changes ________________ depending on the liquids container. Answer: shape
b. A liquid has the same _____________ no matter what container the liquid is in. Answer: volume

Gases
Key Concept: As they move, gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available. Thus, a gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume. A gas is a kind of matter that easily changes volume and shape.

 Air is a gas. When you blow air into a balloon, the air takes the shape of the balloon. When you let the air out of the balloon, the particles spread out into the room. Gas particles can move around freely. Gas particles can either spread apart or be squeezed together.

What a gas looks like at the particle level

Comparing States of Matter Definite Volume Definite Shape

Solid

Yes Liquid Yes Gas No

Yes No No

EVALUATE (Homework)
States Of Matter

SOLID LIQUID

GAS