LIBERATION, SEPARATION, EXTRACTION

STAGE 1 - Blasting STAGE 2 - Primary Crushing STAGE 3 - Secondary Crushing STAGE 4 - Grinding STAGE 5 - Separation by size STAGE 6 - Separation by values STAGE 7 - Extraction of values

What is an Ore?
Mineralized rock that can be mined/processed
At a time (temporal) At a place (spatial) At a profit (economic)

Waste rock can become an ore Tailings can become an ore

Drilling and Blasting

Create a top size suitable for transportation Begin the process of Liberation Factors
Drill hole diameter Drill hole spacing and pattern Explosive type Delay system

Drilling and Blasting

Influence of Blasting Practices

S. Morrell and W. Valery, 2001. Influence of Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. SAG 2001, Vancouver, Canada, pp203-214 Morrell, S., 2003. The Influence of Feed Size on Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the Role of Blasting in its Manipulation, Proc. 22nd International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.: L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p.526-533.

Influence of Blasting Practices

S. Morrell and W. Valery, 2001. Influence of Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. SAG 2001, Vancouver, Canada, pp203-214 Morrell, S., 2003. The Influence of Feed Size on Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the Role of Blasting in its Manipulation, Proc. 22nd International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.: L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p.526-533.

Order of Processing
Blasting Primary Crushing Secondary Crushing

Grinding Regrinding

Crushing Machines

Crushing Machines

HPGR high-pressure grinding rolls

High-Pressure Grinding Rolls

Jaw Crusher

Gyratory Crusher

Symons Cone Crusher

Cone Crusher Liners

Vibrating Screen

Secondary Crushing Plant

Alternate Secondary Crushing Plant Design

Open Circuit Crushing

Grinding Mills

Grinding Mills

Rod Mill opened up for maintenance

Ball Mill overflow type

Conical Ball-Mill

Grinding Mills
Bingham Canyon Grinding Mills

Tube Mill

Rod-Mill Central Peripheral Discharge

Rod-Mill End Peripheral Discharge

Rod-Mill Overflow Discharge

Grinding and Cyanide Leaching

Musslewhite Mine, Ontario

Cyclo-Paks

Spiral and Rake Classifiers

Rake Classifier

Rake Classifier

Spiral Classifiers

Cyclone and Particle Recovery

Size Distribution of Soils

Size Distribution Curves

Bimodal Size Distribution

Hydrocyclone

Separator Partition Curves

Stokes Law

ABC Grinding Circuit

Bond Work Index Formula

Size Ranges in Separators

Electronic Sorting

Electrostatic Separation

Cross-Belt Magnetic Separator

Drum Magnetic Separator

2-stage Drum Magnetic Separator

Pinched Sluice

Riffles in a Sluice

Humphrey Spiral iron ore

Particle Distribution in Spiral Trough

Reichert Cone separator

Fluid (pulp) Flow in a Cone Separator

Shaking Table

Statification on a Shaking Table

Gold on a Shaking Table

Jigging - stratification

Centrifugal Concentrator the Falcon

Flotation Cell

Flotation Cell Agitator Design

Flotation Cell - Rotors

Separation Circuit

Copper Flotation Circuit

Downstream Processing
Copper
Oxide copper treatment

Heap Leach Operation

Installing a Plastic Membrane Liner

Zaldivar Copper Heap Leach

Copper Downstream Processing

Kidd-Creek Smelter flowsheet

Copper Ores Concentrating

Simplest Copper Flotation Circuit

Copper Ores Concentrating

Copper/Gold Flotation Circuit

Copper/Moly Ores Concentrating

Copper/Moly Flotation Circuit

Copper Ores Concentrating

Multiple Sulfide Differential Flotation Circuit

Copper Ores Concentrating

Mixed Oxide/Sulfide Copper Flotation Circuit

Copper Ores Concentrating

Copper Oxide Processing to final metal

Copper Ores Concentrating

Copper Oxide Processing - LPF

Copper Ores Concentrating

T.O.R.C.O. Processing of Copper Ores

Copper Anode Casting Wheel

Thickener - tailings

Thickeners - zones

Thickener Area Calculation

2W ( F D ) A RS
where
A = thickener area (m2) W = dry solids mass flow (tph) F = liquid:solid ratio of feed D = liquid:solid ratio of discharge R = settling rate (m/hr) S = liquid S.G. (kg/L)

Marine Tailing Disposal

Drum Filters

Disk Filter

Pressure Filter - Larox

Rotary Dryers

Rotary Kiln

Mill Control Room

Carlin Mine, Nevada

Questions?

Dissolution of Gold in Cyanide

Elsner's Equation

Precipitation of Au from Solution

Downstream Processing
Gold processing options

Downstream Processing
Nickel
Typical Mine/Mill Treatment

Downstream Processing
Nickel
Matte Separation processing

Downstream Processing
Uranium Ore processing

Downstream Processing
Coal processing

Downstream Processing
Coal processing

Downstream Processing
Coal processing

Downstream Processing
Coal processing

Downstream Processing
Coal processing