PROJECT TITLE:ASSESMENT FOR PRE-TIMED TRAFFIC SIGNAL

PROJECT: RESEARCH CASE STUDY: BIBITITI AND MOROGORO ROAD NAME: NACHARO MWETA ADM. NUMBER: 1001017976

INTRODUCTION

In Dar es Salaam pre-timed traffic signal was implemented to reduce the number of conflicts at the intersection. Some of the signal has been made maintained to ensure that the future action will make the system efficient, effective, equitable and suitable

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Fluctuations of traffic flow at morning and evening hours is high, the traffic control signals seem not to perform properly thus causing traffic jam. So in this project intended to assess pre-timed signal based on the designed cycle length at peak hours

OBJECTIVE
To assess the performance of pre-timed traffic signals based on design cycle lengths.

METHODOLOGY

Literature review Data collection Data analysis

EXPECTED OUTCOME
To know the maximum and minimum cycle length of traffic signals in Dar es salaam Recommendation of adequate cycle length for current traffic

METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW
Traffic Control Devices Traffic control device are the various aids and devices used to control, regulate and guide traffic. The traffic control devices are: traffic signal, traffic/pavement marking traffic island, traffic signs.

METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEWCONT
Traffic Signal
Traffic signal is control devices which by means of changing colors lights (green, red and yellow) regulate the movement of traffics by separating the traffic flow in time. The traffic signal could alternatively direct the traffics to stop and enter the intersection and to reduce conflicts. TYEPS OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS 1.Pedestrians actual signal 2.Fixed-timed light signal . 3. Traffic actuated light signal 4 .Flashing signal

METHODOLOGY

1. Pedestrian actuated
Signals are provide in busy urban streets for crossing Pedestrian. They temporarily show a Red light for the traffic to stop, permitting the pedestrian to cross the road. Setting of traffic signals usually allow for a pedestrian walking speed of 1.2 meter per second followed by a pedestrian clearance
period. The objective of proving this is to assist the pedestrians to cross safely, with minimum delay pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Symbol used for such signals are WALK, WAIT and DONT WALK.

METHODOLOGY
2. Traffic actuated signals
These signals change the length of green signal in accordance with actual traffic volume on a particular approach of intersection. The vehicle on any intersection approach sensed by a detecting device on a road. By recording the vehicles as they cross, the detector and timing the interval between vehicle , the signal automatically adjusted to give preference to the with heavier flow These signals are useful when traffic flow at intersection fluctuates on short term basin.

METHODOLOGY
3. Fixed-timed signals
Fixed-timed signals are also known as pre-timed traffic signals. These are set to repeat in a specified sequence of signal indication. Pre-timed signals do not take into account the variation of traffic jam therefore they are satisfactory at low traffic jam. Different timing can be used to take care of Morning peak, evening peak, and non-peak hour traffic by using different cycle lengths during those hours. These signals are cheap and easy to maintain.

METHODOLOGY
4. Flashing signal
To warn the driver sometimes Yellow flashing signal on the main road and Red flashing signal on the cross road are provide. They are required to slow down and proceed with caution at such location like railway crossing, sharp horizontal curves and other obstruction on the road. NOTE: Fixed time (pre- timed) signal is the one that will be use in this project.

METHODOLOGY
TYEPES OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM
1. Simultaneous system 2. Alternative system 3. Limited progressive system 1. Simultaneous system In this system all the signals along the given road always show the same colored lights at the same time and produce high vehicle speeds between stops but over all speed is required.

METHODOLOGY

2. Alternative system This show opposite indication in the same time. This system work very on a single road that as approximately equal block spacing.
3.Limited progressive system These systems retain a common cycle length but provide go indications separately at each intersection. This permits continuous flow of vehicle groups at planned speed.

METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW..CONT REQUIREMENTS OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS 1.To draw attention of road user

The signals must attract the attention of its users. Factors that affect the attention of road users are: Position of placing the signals Height and type of mounting Size of lamp length(20cm) Power of the bulb(40-100V) Background of the lens(Black)

METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW..CONT 2.To provide means of control
Each indication of color/signal should convey one and only one meaning clearly without scope of misinterpretation. Red: Vehicle must stop. Green: Vehicle can go if safe to do so. Yellow: Warns the coming vehicles that light is going to be red.

METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW. CONT

2. To provide means of control Since it takes time to stop a moving vehicle an immediate change from green to red does not give enough time for response. There must be enough time to clear the intersection before cross traffic is released; YELLOW interval provides this time required for response.
3. Respect The signals which are installed at a location should be useful to the road users and must be respected by them.

METHODOLOGY
Signal Terminologies Interval. Any one of the divisions of the signal cycle during which signals indications do not change.

Cycle length The time required for one complete sequence of signal indication. Cycle length depending on; Width of the road and intersection. Volume of traffic on approach.
Signal phase.

METHODOLOGY
The changes clearance interval
This is the total length of time in second of the yellow and all red signal indications. This time provided for vehicle to clear the intersections after the green interval before conflicting movements released

A controller
This is a device change the color indicated by the signal lamps according to a fixed or variable plans. It s assigns the right of way to difference approaches at appropriate time.

METHODOLOGY
Data Collection
Data will be collected through the following activities: 1. Assessing cycle length of each signal 2. Counting number of vehicle passing when green light is on

METHODOLOGY
DATA COLLECTION
During collection of data of performance of pretimed traffic signals ,I concentrated on recording time of colors which are;

RED mean stop.

GREEN mean go. AMBER mean warns the coming vehicles that light is going to be red.

DATA COLLECTION
LUMUMBA- MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

MagomeniPost-Magomeni Post-Magomeni Lumumba Green(sec) Amber(sec) 60 3 60 3 30 3

Post Lumumba 30 3

Red(Sec)

52

52

82

82

LUMUMBA- MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

90

80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Post-Magomeni Magomeni -Post Lumumba-Post Post -Lumumba Green Amber Red

MOROGORO ROAD AND MSIMBAZI ROAD JUNCTION

TIME(SEC) Green(Sec Amber Red

k/koo-post magomeni-k/koo k/koo-upanga

35 5 80 35 5 80 17 5 68

k/koomagomeni 60 5 55

postmagomeni 35 5 80

MOROGORO ROAD AND MSIMBAZI ROAD JUNCTION

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Green Amber Red

UHURU -BIBITITI ROAD JUNCTION

From posta (Second) Green 30

From mnazi mmoja (second) 25

From kamata (second) 25

From uhuru roads (Second) 30

Amber
Red

3
90

3
93

3
93

3
90

UHURU -BIBITITI ROAD JUNCTION

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
From posta From mnazi From kamata mmoja From kkoo

Green Amber Red

BIBITITI ROAD AND MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

post-mnazi (second) Green Amber Red 25 5 90

mnazi-post (second) 30 5 85

magomeni-mnazi (second) 30 5 85

magomeni-post (second) 25 5 90

BIBITITI ROAD AND MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
post-mnazi mnazi-post magomenimnazi magomeniposta

Green Amber Red

BIBITITI, KILWA ,NYERERE AND UHURU ROAD JUNCTION

airport-kkoo (second) Green Amber Red 22 3 98

kkoo-kurasini (second) 35 3 80

mnazi-airport (second) 22 3 98

airportkurasini (second) 35 3 80

kurasini-kkoo (second) 32 3 88

BIBITITI,KILWA,NYERERE AND UHURU ROAD JUNCTION

120 100 80 60 40 20 Green

Amber
Red

0 airport-kkoo kkookurasini mnaziairport airportkurasini kurasinikkoo

DATA ANALYSIS
TRAFFIC COUNTING Traffic counting was conducted manually at Morning, Afternooning and evening the Green light was on.

MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTIONS

JUNCTION No. of Traffic
Post-magomeni Morogoro-Msimbazi Road Morogoro-Lumumba Road Morogoro-Bibititi Road 25 26 23

No. of Traffic
Magomeni -Post 22 25 22

Green Time(s) Period

60 60 30

Morning Morning Morning

70 60 50 40 No. of Traffic 30 20 10 0 Morogoro-Msimbazi Morogoro-Lumumba Morogoro-Bibititi Road Road Road No. of Traffic Green Time(s)

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 60se and 30 sec green times Possibly there delay in traffic flow at the junction with 60sec green time . Recommendation: Average green=(60+30) /2=45

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 45 secs New green time to all junction.

MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTIONS

JUNCTION Morogoro-Msimbazi Road Morogoro-Lumumba Road Morogoro-Bibititi Road No. of Traffic Post-magomeni No. of Traffic Magomeni -Post Green Time(s) Period

25
26 23

22
25 22

60
60 30

Morning
Morning Morning

MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

70 60 50 40
No. of Traffic

30 20 10 0 Morogoro-Msimbazi Morogoro-Lumumba Road Road Morogoro-Bibititi Road

No. of Traffic

Green Time(s)

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 60sec and30 sec green times Possibly there no delay in traffic flow at both junction . Recommendation: Average green=(60+30) /2=45

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 45 secs New green time to all junction.

MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTIONS

No of Traffic
JUNCTION Postmagomeni Morogoro-Msimbazi Road Morogoro-Lumumba Road Morogoro-Bibititi Road 25 19 10 Magomeni -Post 22 11 15

Green Time(s)

Period

60 60 30

Afternooning Afternooning Afternoonig

70 60 50 40 No. of Traffic 30 20 10 0 Morogoro-Msimbazi Morogoro-Lumumba Morogoro-Bibititi Road Road Road No. of Traffic Green Time(s)

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 60se and 30 sec green times Possibly there no delay in traffic flow at both junction Recommendation: Average green=(60+30) /2=45

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 45 secs New green time to all junction.

MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

JUNCTION
Morogoro-Msimbazi Road MorogoroLumumba Road Morogoro-Bibititi Road

No. of Traffic No. of Traffic Green Time(s)

Post-magomeni Magomeni -Post 25 20 28 19 10 17 60 60 30

Period

Evening Evening Evening

MOROGORO ROAD JUNCTION

70 60 50 40 No. of Traffic 30 20 10 0 Morogoro-Msimbazi Morogoro-Lumumba Morogoro-Bibititi Road Road Road No. of Traffic Green Time(s)

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 60se and 30 sec green times Possibly there delay in traffic flow at the junction with 60sec green time . Recommendation: Average green=(60+30) /2=45

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 45 secs New green time to all junction.

35 30 25 20 No. of Traffic 15 10 5 0 Cocapse- Junction Bibititi-Uhuru Road Junction Bibititi-Morogoro Road No. of Traffic Green time (s)

BIBITITI ROAD JUNCTIONS

JUNCTION

No. of Traffic kamata-posta

No. of Traffic posta-kamata 25 20 32

Green time (s)

Period

Cocapse- Junction Bibititi-Uhuru Road Junction Bibititi-Morogoro Road

24 22 26

32 25 25

Morning Morning Morning

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 32se and 25 sec green times Possibly there delay in traffic flow at the junction with 32sec green time . Recommendation: Average green=(32+25) /2=28.5

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 28.5 secs New green time to all junction.

BIBITITI ROAD JUNCTIONS

JUNCTION

No. of Traffic

No. of Traffic

Green time (s)

Period

kamata-posta
Cocapse- Junction Bibititi-Uhuru Road Junction Bibititi-Morogoro Road 17 15 26

posta-kamata
13 20 21 32 25 25 Afternooning Afternooning Afternooning

BIBITITI ROAD JUNCTIONS

35 30 25 20 15

10
5 0 JUNCTION CocapseJunction Bibititi-Uhuru Road Junction BibititiMorogoro Road

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 32se and 25 sec green times Possibly there delay in traffic flow at the junction with 32sec green time . Recommendation: Average green=(32+25) /2=28.5

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 28.5 secs New green time to all junction.

BIBITITI ROAD JUNCTIONS

JUNCTION No. of Traffic kamata-posta Cocapse- Junction Bibititi-Uhuru Road Junction Bibititi-Morogoro Road 8 22 38 No. of Traffic posta-kamata 15 21 28 32 25 25 Evening Evening Evening Green time (s) Period

40 35 30 25 20 15 10
No. of Traffic No. of Traffic

Green time (s)

5
0 Cocapse- Junction Bibititi-Uhuru Road Junction Bibititi-Morogoro Road

DATA ANALYSIS
Observations: There is no much difference of traffic volume flow between 32se and 25 sec green times Possibly there delay in traffic flow at the junction with 32sec green time . Recommendation: Average green=(32+25) /2=28.5

Average green time is recommended for all three junctions to reduce the observed idle time 28.5 secs New green time to all junction.

REFERENCES
Justo.S. Highway Engineering.(7ed) Salter.R.J. (1985). Highway Traffic Analysis and Design(2ed) Singh.G. (1990). Highway Engineering(7ed) Flaherty.O. ( 1986). Highway and Traffic.