Chapter - 001

Computer Fundamental & History

What is Computer?

Computer is an Electronics Device, Which accept data, processing & give me output.

Charles Babbage is called the Father if the Computer.

Full Form

Commonly operating machine particularly used for technical educational research.

Characteristics of Computer Speed Accuracy All-rounder Versatility} Storage

Types of Computer
Mini computer Micro computer Desktop Laptop palmtop notebook Mainframe computer

Function of Computer
Input Processing Output

Keyboard , Mouse

Microprocessors

Monitor

Generation of Computers
First

Generation [1942 to 1955]

First electronic part used for this was Vacuum tubes. Computers invented in this generation were MARK-1, ENIVAC, EDVAC. IBM 701, IBM 702. They contained 18000 vacuum tube, weighed more than 30 tons and occupied 1500 sq.ft.

Advantage of First Generation

They were able to perform thousands of mathematical operations per minute.

Disadvantages

Very expensive to built and operate.

to get over - heated

Used

Second Generation [1954 to 1964]

Transistor were developed in 1947 and implemented for computers in 1950. They are smaller in size compare to V.T. [Vacuum tube]

Advantages

Smaller in size, Less Expensive to built, much faster & more dependable

Third Generation [1964 to 1975]

Basic elements of these computers was IC [Integrated Circuits]. The combine all the parts of computers in a single silicon chip. Mainframe & minicomputer were made out of these parts only.

Advantages
Smaller in size, easier to use, fast, affordable & consumes less electricity.

Forth Generation [1980]

This generation is already running. These are personal computers & desktop computers used today. Which had all the units like ALU[Arithmatic logic unit], MU [Memory unit], CU [Control unit]

Fifth Generation [1990] They are still in the process of invention having capabilities to type as we speak. These will be the computers of the future.

Advantages

They will be smaller They will be work faster. less expensive & reliable.

Parts of computer

Hardware

Software

Hardware

What is Hardware?
Hardware is a set of physical Components. We can seen & touch it.

E.g. CPU,Monitor,Keyboard,mouse

Software

Software is a computers logically parts, we can seen it but dont touch.

All types of O/S [operating system] XP,Server 2003/2008,Vista,linux

All types of software like MS office,

Nero,Tally,etc

Computer parts

Input devices Output devices Processing devices storage devices Power supply

Input Devices

Any data, which is fed in the computer by the user, is known as the input. Keyboard, Mouse, Digital camera, Bar code reader, light pen etc.

E.g.

Output devices The device that gives us the processed data or information is called OUTPUT. E.g. Monitor ,printers

Processing Devices
Processing units receive data & instructions, Store them temporarily and then process the data as per the instruction given. E.g. Microprocessor

Processing parts

Arithmetic logic unit [ALU] Memory unit [MU] Control unit [CU]

All the three units together are known as the central processing unit [CPU]

Data
Data

is a collection of facts, figures, statistics that can be processed to produce meaningful information.

File

File is a collection of any data. E.G. iant.rtf [WordPad file] iant.doc [Microsoft word File] iant.xls [Microsoft Excel File] iant.ppt [Microsoft PowerPoint File] iant.bmp [Mspaint file]

Desktop
The screen of windows is called Desktop. It is a collection of Icon, wallpaper, taskbar etc

Desktop

Wallpaper

The background that appears on the desktop is called wallpaper.

Icon

Graphical symbols or pictures that appear on the wallpaper of desktop are called ICON.

Icon

Start Menu
Button which appears at the corner of the task bar is called start button. It prompts user to start an application.

Start menu