Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Inhalation
Intravenous
Regional Anesthesia
Conduction and spinal anesthesia
Local Infiltration
GENERAL Anesthesia
Protective reflexes are lost
Amnesia, analgesia and hypnosis
occur
Administered in two ways:
Inhalational
Intravenous
REGIONAL Anesthesia
TOPICAL Applied directly on the skin
Laryngectomy Fowler’s
c.Wound infection
d.Wound dehiscence
e.Wound evisceration
f. Wound apposition
6. Protrusion of the internal organs and
tissues through wound is called
b.Wound infection
c.Wound dehiscence
d.Wound evisceration
e.Wound apposition
Match the following
7. Mastectomy a. Semi-fowlers’
8. Thyroidectomy b. Lateral, affected
side
9. Hemorrhoidectomy c. Lateral, unaffected
side
10. Laryngectomy d. prone
11. Pneumonectomy e. flat
12. segmentectomy
13. Amputation of lower extremities
14. Supratentorial craniotomy
15. Infratentorial craniotomy
guidelines
1. Number of throws:
Silk-3
Gut-4
Vicryl, dexon- 4
Nylon polyester, polyprolene, PDS-6
2. Cutting the end:
Silk vessel ties- 1 to 2 mm
Abdominal fascia closure- 5 mm
Skin sutures, drain sutures- 5 to 10 mm
Guidelines
3. when to remove:
Face- 3 to 5 days
Extremities- 7 days
Joints- 7 to 10 days
Back- 2 wks
Abdomen- 7 days
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Surgical scalpel blades
Shape:
Straight - The needle is straight and
usually has a cutting surface.
Half-curve or Ski - the needle is straight
and curves near the point.
Curved - The needle is formed in an arc of
1/4, 3/8, 1/2, or 5/8 of a circle
NEEDLES
SURGICAL BLADE HANDLE
Needle holder
Sponge Forceps
Sponge forceps or sponge holding forceps
are often used in gynecological
procedures. They may be straight or
curved and have smooth or serrated jaws.
The jaws are rounded and provide an
atraumatic grip.
SPONGE FORCEP
Dressing Forceps
Dressing forceps are also a type of tissue
forceps. They are used for dressing wounds and
pealing off the dressing. They have scissor-like
handles for grasping lint, drainage tubes, etc.
Dressing Tweezers may be curved or straight
tipped with serrated beak. In some cases it may
be smooth.
Dressing Forceps
Suture Forceps
Needle holder forceps hold needles while
suturing. Suture Forcep is also called a needle
holder forceps. The typical needle holder has
two short, rather blunt, serrated beaks with a
groove in each beak. The grooves provide space
for the placement and retention of the needle. At
the end of the handles, there is a locking
mechanism that lets the secure the suture
needle in the correct position so as the needle
appears to be an extension of the needle holder.
The insert in the tip should be carbide steel, and
replaceable so that it can be changed when
required
Suture Forceps
Surgical Hemostats
They are also called blood vessel forceps
and are used for controlling hemorrhage.
They are also called Hemostats. They look
like needle-holder forceps. The main
difference is that the beaks of the
hemostatic forceps are longer and more
slender.
Hemostatic forceps may have both curved and
straight tips or beaks, and there is a locking
device on the handle to keep them closed as
they are used as vessel clamps. They have
transverse serration on beak tips. They have a
box hinge and a locking mechanism by the
finger rings. all the hemostatic forceps are
designed to grab, hold, and crush
They are used for holding blood vessels,
and for blunt dissection. These forceps are
used in surgery to control hemorrhage by
clamping or constricting blood vessels. In
dental surgery, they are more used to
remove bits of bone chips or parts of
teeth, from the oral cavity during the tooth
removal.
Surgical Hemostats
Towel Clamps
Towel-clamp forceps are used to maintain
surgical towels and drapes in the correct
position during an operation. They secure
drapes to the patients skin and may be
used for holding the tissue as well. They
are locking type forceps with curved ends.
The beak may be pointed or blunt and flat.
They may even overlap in closed position.
Towel Clamps
Tubing Forceps
Also termed as vessel cannulation forceps
or tubing introducer forceps, they are
useful when a fine plastic tube/ micro
catheters have to be introduced into a
small blood vessel of almost equal size for
medication or diagnostic purposes .
The hollowed beak holds the tubing
without deforming it. The tip of the tubing
is directed exactly into the vessel opening
with a sturdy hand so as not to cause any
damage to the vessel from unwanted
movement.
Tubing Forceps
Brain Forceps
Also called Obstetrical Forceps, they are Smoothly
shaped and curved, obstetrical forceps. The instrument
has two blades and a handle designed to aid in the
vaginal delivery of a baby.