EJB Fundamentals

Contents
 Introduction
 Technology Overview
 EJB Architecture
 EJB Specification
 Sample Application
 Sun’s Definition
 EJB architecture is a component
architecture for the development and
deployment of component based
distributed business applications.
 Applications written using EJB
architecture are scalable, transactional,
and multi-user secure.
 These applications may be write once,
and then deployed on any server
platform that supports the EJB
specification.
Short Definition
 EJB is a server-side component
architecture that simplifies the
process of building enterprise-class
distributed component applications
in Java.
 EJB provides standard for
component architecture.
Enterprise Bean
 Server side software components
that can be deployed in distributed
multi tier environment.
 They encapsulate business logic of
an application.
 Consists of one or more java
objects.
Types of Beans
 Session Bean
 Entity Bean
 Message driven Bean
Session Bean
 Session beans model business
processes.
 They are like ‘verbs’ because they
are actions.
 E.g. billing engine, catalog engine
etc:
Entity Bean
 Entity Bean Models business data.
 They are like ‘nouns’ because they
are data objects
 E.g. product, an order, an
employee etc:
 Session beans typically calls entity
beans to perform business goals.
Message Driven Bean
 Message driven beans are similar
to session beans.
 They are actions.
 They are called only when they
receive some message.
 E.g. : stock trade message.
 EJB Architecture
HTML Business
Presentation Client Partner System
Tier HTTP SOAP,UDDI
Firewall
WSDL,ebXML

Messaging C/C++ Java Applet

Client Client Java Appl Servlet JSP Web
Server
Messaging CORBA-IIOP RMI-IIOP RMI-IIOP RMI-IIOP
Application Server

EJB Message EJB Session EJB Session

Driven Bean Bean Bean Business
Tier
EJB Session EJB Entity EJB Session
Bean Bean Bean
EJB Foundation:
Distributed Objects

Distributed
Client
Object
Remote Interface
Remote Interface

Stub Skeleton

Network
 We take a monolithic application
and break it into distributed
system with multiple clients
connecting to multiple servers and
databases over network.
What do we need to worry
about now?
Services
 Remote Method  Object life cycle
Invocation  Caching
 Load Balancing  Security
 Transparent Fail  Resource Pooling
Over
 Back end integration.
 System
Management
 Clustering
 Message Oriented
 Dynamic Re
deployment
Middleware
 And many
Middleware
more…..
Explicit Middleware
Transaction API Transaction
Services
Distributed Security API
Client Security
Object
Services
Remote
Interface Database API
Remote Interface
Database
drivers
Stub Skeleton

Network
Example – Bank account
obj
 Transfer(Acct acc1, Acct acc2,long amt)
//1.Call middleware API to perform
security check.
//2.Call middleware API to start a trans
//3.Call middleware API to load rows from
db.
//4.perform trans.
//5.Call middleware API to store rows in db
//6.Call middleware API to end the trans.
Explicit Middleware
 Difficult to Write.
 Difficult to Maintain.
 Difficult to Support.
 Implicit Middleware
Distributed
Client Object
Remote Transaction API Transaction
Interface Services
Request Security API
Interceptor Security
Services
Remote
Remote Interface Database API
Interface
Database
drivers
Stub Skeleton

Network
Example – Bank account
obj
 Transfer(Acct acc1,Acct acc2,long
amt)
//1. Perform trans.(subtract bal from
one account and add to other).
Implicit Middleware
 Easy to Write.
 Easy to Maintain.
 Easy to Support.
EJB Container
 House enterprise bean and makes them
available to the client to invoke them
remotely.
 It intercepts the client request and
delegates them to corresponding bean
class.
 It automatically performs implicit
middleware that the distributed object
needs.
 EJB object is the physical part of the
container.
EJB Component
Ingredients
 Enterprise Bean Class
 Interfaces
 Remote and Home interface for
remote access.
 Local and Local Home interface for
local access.
 Deployment Descriptor.
 Vendor Specific files.
Enterprise Bean Class
 It conforms to a well defined
interface.
 It contains business
implementation details of our
component.
 Each bean type has more specific
interface that extends
javax.ejb.EnterpriseBean interface.
 Bean class implements the
interface corresponding to the
EJB Object
 Client request interceptor.
 It duplicates all the business logic
methods that the corresponding
bean class exposes.
 Proprietary and specific to each
EJB container.
Remote Interface
 Interface to request interceptor.
 Informs EJB Object auto generator
which methods to clone.
 All remote interfaces must derive
from javax.ejb.EJBObject.
 EJB remote interfaces must confirm
to RMI rules.
Home Object
 EJB object factory.
 Creates,finds and destroys EJB
objects.
 Proprietary and specific to each
EJB container.
 Home objects implements Home
Interface.
 Home Interface
 EJB Object factory interface.
 They define methods for
creating,destroying and finding EJB
Objects.
 All home interfaces must extend
javax.ejb.EJBHome.
 EJB remote interfaces must confirm
to RMI rules.
 Local Access
 Local objects make enterprise bean calls
fast and efficient.
 Local objects implements Local Interface.
 Local home objects creates beans fast.
 Local home object implemnts Local Home
interface.
Deployment Descriptor
 Declare how the container should
perform middleware services for
the EJB component.
 In EJB 2.0 deployment descriptor is
a XML file.
 Key to implicit middleware.
Vendor Specific Files
 All vendors have proprietary value
added features.
 Include files specific to that
vendor.
 Package

Remote Local
Interface Interface

Jar file creator EJB jar file

Enterprise Home
Bean Interface

Deployment Vendor
Descriptor Specific
Sample Application
My First Bean!
Session Bean : FirstBean
package example;
public class FirstBean implements javax.ejb.SessionBean
{
private SessionContext ctx;

public void ejbCreate()

{
System.out.println(“ejbCreate()”);
}
public void ejbRemove()
{
System.out.println(“ejbRemove()”);
}
public void ejbActivate()
{
System.out.println(“ejbActivate()”);
}
 public void ejbPassivate()
{
System.out.println(“ejbPassivate()”);
}
public void setSessionContext(javax.ejb.SessionContext ctx)
{
this.ctx=ctx;
}
public String first()
{
System.out.println(“first()”);
return “My First Bean”;
}
}
 Remote Interface :
First.java
package example;

public interface First extends javax.ejb.EJBObject

{
public String first() throws java.rmi.RemoteException;
}
 Home Interface :
FirstHome
package example;

public interface FirstHome extends javax.ejb.EJBHome

{
First create() throws java.rmi.RemoteException,
javax.ejb.CreateException;
}
 Deployment Descriptor
<ejb-jar>
<enterprise-bean>
<session>
<ejb-name>First</ejb-name>
<home>example.FirstHome</home>
<remote>example.First</remote>
<ejb-class>example.FirstBean<ejb-class>
<session-type>Stateless</session-type>
<transaction-type>Container</transaction-type>
</session>
</enterprise-bean>
</ejb-jar>
 Client Application
package example;

import javax.naming.*;
Import java.util.*;

public class FirstClient

{
public static void main(String[] arg) throws Exception
{
Properties props=System.getProperties();
Context ctx=new InitialContext(props);
Object obj=ctx.llokup(“FirstHome”);
FisrtHome home=(FirstHome)
javax.rmi.RemotePortableObject.narrow
(obj,FirstHome.class);
 First first=home.create();
System.out.println(first.first());
first.remove();
}
}
EJB Object Model
<<interface>> <<interface>>
java.rmi.Remote java.io.Serializable
Comes with Java2 platform

<<interface>> <<interface>> <<interface>>

javax.ejb.EJBObject Javax.ejb.EJBHome javax.ejb.EnterpriseBean

<<interface>>
javax.ejb.SessionBean
Comes with EJB Distribution

<<interface>> <<interface>> Bean Implement

Remote Interface Home Interface Class

Written by developer

EJB Object Home Object

Generated by Componet Vendor Tool

 EJB Container
3: Create a new Home
EJB Object Interface
Home
Client Object
5: Return EJB
Object Reference 4: Create a new
EJB Object
6: Invoke Business
2 : Return Method
1 : Retrieve
Home object Home object EJB Enterprise
Reference Reference Remote Object Bean
Interface
7: Delegate Request to Bean
JNDI

Naming
Service
Advantages of EJB
 Helps to write scalable,reliable and
secure applications.
 Provides distributed component
framework and hence supports rapid
application development.
 Supports application portablility and
reusability across any vendor’s
enterprise middleware services.
 It is agreed upon by industry.
References
 Mastering Enterprise Java Beans
 J2EE 1.4 Tutorials
 Professional Java Server
Programming, J2EE Edition