BYRITIMA JAIN 230/09 SURBHI SOOD 251/09

IT IS COMMONLY REFERS TO AN ARTIFICIAL ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT IS IMPLANTED IN CHEST TO REGULATE IMPULSES TO ONE OR MORE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART. THESE SIGNALS MAKE THE HEART CONTRACT IN A MORE REGULAR RYTHMS THAN THE CHAMBER WOULD OTHERWISE. ONCE THE PACEMAKER IS IN PLACE, IT RUNS ON BATTERIES THAT LAST FOR ABOUT 5 TO 10 YEARS.

HEART BLOCK CARTIOD SINUS HYPERSENTIVITY ARRHYTHIMIAS SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION

GENERATOR LEADS ELECTRODES

GENERATOR IS A SMALL BOX,ABOUT 2 INCHES AND 3 OUNCES IN WEIGHT. THEY ARE BATTERY POWERED,AND USE LITHIUM BATTERIES. LEADS ARE ATTACHED TO GENERATOR,MADE OF PLATINUM.THESE LEADS CARRY THE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES FROM GENERATOR. AT THE TIP OF EACH LEAD IS A TINY DEVICE CALLED AN ELECTRODE WHICH DELIVERS ELECTRICAL IMPLUSES TO THE HEART.

 EXTERNAL

IMPLANTABLE

IT INCLUDE PULSE GENERATOR LOCATED OUTSIDE BODY WHICH IS NORMALLY CONNECTED THROUGH WIRES

USED ON PATIENTS WITH TEMPORARY IRREGULARITIES USED TO RESTART THE NORMAL RHYTHM OF THE HEART IN CASES OF CARDIAC STANDSTILL. USED FOR PATIENTS RECOVERING FROM CARDIAC SURGERY TO CORRECT TEMPORARY CONDUCTION RESULTING IN SURGERY. IT MAY APPLY 80- mA PULSES THROUGH 50cm ELECTRODE ON THE CHEST.

THEY ARE DEFINED AS THE ONE HAVING ENTIRE SYSTEM INSIDE THE BODY

IT IS DESIGNED TO BE ENTIRELY IMPLANTED BENEATH THE SKIN. IS A COMBINATION OF PULSE GENERATOR POWERED BY SMALL BATTERIES.

COMPONENETS USED TO BE HIGHLY RELIABLE. CIRCUIT TO BE COVERED WITH BOLOGICAL INERT MATERIAL. UNIT TO BE DESINED IN SUCH A WAY THAT FLUIDS DO NOT FIND WAY INSIDE THE BODY.

FIXED RATE DEMAND R WAVE TIGGERED VENTRICULAR INHIBITED ATRIAL TRIGGERD DUAL CHAMBER

USED FOR PATIENTS HAVING PERMANENT HEARTBLOCKS. IT FUNCTIONS REGARDLESS OF PATIENTS NATURAL HEART RHYTHM,POSES DANGER B/W RHYTHM AND PACEMAKER.

THESE HAVE REPLACED FIXED RATE AS THEY AVOID COMPETITION B/W HEARTS RHYTHM AND PACEMAKER. IT FUNCTIONS ONLY WHEN THE R-R INTERVALS OF NATURAL RHYTHM EXCEED A PRE- SET LIMIT.

USED FOR PATIENTS WHO GENERALLY HAVE HEART BLOCK WITH OCCASIONAL SINUS RYHTM. IT THERE IS SINUS RHYTHM,THE STIMULATING IMPLUSE WILL OCCUR IN VENRICULAR DEPOLARISATION.

FOR PATIENTS HAVING SINUS RHYTHM WITH OCASSIONAL HEART BLOCKS. IT PROVIDES A STIMULUS TO THE HEART AFTER PRE-SET ASYTOLE.

DETECTS ATRIAL DE-POLARISATION AND STARTS PULSE FORMING CIRCUITS. MAJOR ADVANTAGE IS ITS ABILITY TO PROVIDE MAX. AUGMENTATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT.

TREAT PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DISEASES OF THE SINO-ATRIAL NODE BY PROVIDING ATRIAL STIMULATION WHEN NEEDED. BOTH ARTIAL AND VENTRICLES ARE SENSED AND SIMULATED.

MERCURY BATTERIES BIOLOGICAL POWER SOURCES NUCLEAR BATTERIS LITHIUM CELLS

SEVERE BRUISING FORMATION OF BLOOD CLOTS TEARING OF BLOOD VESSEL STROKE HEART ATTACK INFECTION

REDNESS,WARMTH SWELLING OF ARMS,LEGS,WRISTS PROLONGED WEAKNESS FAINTING FAST HEARTBEAT MUSCLE TWITCHES CHEST PAIN

SINGLE CHAMBER TO BE INSERTED IN EITHER AN ATRIUM OR VENTRICLE AND STIMULATES ONE CHAMBER OF THE HEART. DUAL CHAMBER SEND ELECTRICAL LEADS TO BOTH ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE,STIMULATING BOTH CHAMBERS.IN ADDITION IT SYNCHRONIZE CONTRACTION OF BOTH THE CHAMBERS.

SIZE OF PACEMAKER IS REDUCED IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER SOURCES HYBRID PACKAGING PACEMAKERS HERMETICALLY SEALED