Symbols and Components

In this presentation you will: compare hydraulic components to schematic symbols

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Symbols and Components

In this presentation you will see some hydraulic symbols and how they might be used to represent hydraulic components in a hydraulic circuit.

You will also look at basic hydraulic components.

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Symbols and Components

Purpose of Hydraulic Symbols

Hydraulic systems often become complex. To draw the components and circuit connections in these systems would be both time consuming and complicated.
Standard symbols are used in order to make the drawing, designing and understanding of these systems simpler.

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Symbols and Components

The diagram shows a simple hydraulic circuit using standard hydraulic symbols.
Symbols are used to show: Circuit connections Direction of fluid flow Component function However, hydraulic symbols do not show: Component construction Port locations System pressures Component size
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Symbols and Components

Example Hydraulic Circuit

An example hydraulic circuit is shown below.
Actuator
Four-way, three-position, center closed, directional control valve

Reducing pressure control valve Main hydraulic line

Single-ended, double-acting cylinder Fixed displacement pump

Vented reservoir

Hydraulic drain line

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Symbols and Components

Question 1
Hydraulic symbols do NOT show:

A) Component function B) Component construction C) Direction of fluid flow D) Circuit connections

Symbols and Components

Question 2
What does this symbol represent?

A) Directional control valve B) Double acting cylinder C) Fixed displacement pump D) Pressure control valve

Symbols and Components

Hydraulic Reservoirs

A hydraulic reservoir holds a supply of hydraulic fluid that is not under pressure.

When drawing a circuit using a hydraulic reservoir, the following circuit symbol could be used.

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Symbols and Components

Hydraulic Pumps
Hydraulic fluid is pressurized by a pump. Pumps may be hand operated or driven by motors. The pump takes fluid from the reservoir. As the pump turns, fluid is pressurized and applied to the hydraulics system.

Shown below are symbols used to identify some typical hydraulic pumps.

Fixed displacement

Variable displacement non-compensated

Variable displacement pressure-compensated Next >

Symbols and Components

Accumulators
Accumulators are pressure storage reservoirs in which hydraulic fluid is held under pressure by an external force. The external force could be a spring, a raised weight, or compressed gas.
Accumulator symbols are shown here:

Spring loaded

Gas charged

Weighted Next >

Symbols and Components

Hoses, Tubing and Fittings

Hydraulic transmission lines are used to distribute fluid to system components.
Plastic hoses or pipes are usually used in low / medium pressure systems. Copper or steel tubing is usually used in high pressure systems. Hydraulic lines are joined to components by connectors that have tapered or regular threads.

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Symbols and Components

Shown below are symbols used to identify some typical hydraulic connection lines (pipes):

Main hydraulic line or shaft

Pilot line (control)

Hydraulic drain line

Enclosure for components

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Symbols and Components

Hydraulic Valves
The hydraulics system uses valves to control fluid flow. Typical types of valves are:
Directional valves: Determine the direction of fluid flow. Operation can be manual or automatic.

Flow control valves: Control the rate of flow, through an opening. Usually adjustable. May allow full flow in one direction and restricted flow in the other.

Pressure control valves: Protect system by setting a maximum operating pressure.

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Symbols and Components

Question 3
Which type of valve controls the rate of fluid flow through a hydraulic system?

A) Directional B) Flow control C) Pressure control

Symbols and Components

Hydraulic Actuators
An actuator receives fluid power and changes it into mechanical motion. Motion may be linear or reciprocating as produced by a cylinder, or rotary as produced by a hydraulic motor.
The symbols used for cylinders are shown:
Motor

Cylinder

The symbol used for a hydraulic motor is shown:

Single-acting cylinder Positive displacement motor

Double-acting cylinder

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Symbols and Components

Question 4
Rotary motion is produced by:

A) Applying fluid power to the piston of a cylinder. B) Removing fluid power from the piston of a cylinder. C) Repeated operation of a cylinder's piston. D) A hydraulic motor.

Symbols and Components

Summary
You should now be aware of:

Hydraulic Symbols Basic Hydraulic Components

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